ArticleVaccine2015
Enhanced immune responses by skin vaccination with influenza subunit vaccine in young hosts.
Article in Vaccine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microneedles: Selected Applications for Pediatrics.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review
- Microneedles: An Emerging Vaccine Delivery Tool and a Prospective Solution to the Challenges of SARS-CoV-2 Mass Vaccination.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Microneedle Delivery of an Adjuvanted Microparticulate Vaccine Induces High Antibody Levels in Mice Vaccinated against Coronavirus.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Immunologic mechanisms of seasonal influenza vaccination administered by microneedle patch from a randomized phase I trial.NPJ vaccines · 2021Article
- Roles of Lipids in the Permeability Barriers of Skin and Oral Mucosa.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Development of vaccine formulations: past, present, and future.Drug delivery and translational research · 2021Review
- Progress in microneedle array patch (MAP) for vaccine delivery.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- Progress in Microneedle-Mediated Protein Delivery.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
- The potential role of using vaccine patches to induce immunity: platform and pathways to innovation and commercialization.Expert review of vaccines · 2020Review
- Extended delivery of vaccines to the skin improves immune responses.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2019Article
- Adaptive immune responses to primary and secondary dengue virus infections.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2019Review
- Individually coated microneedles for co-delivery of multiple compounds with different properties.Drug delivery and translational research · 2018Article
- Immune responses to dengue virus in the skin.Open biology · 2018Review
- Review
- A Microneedle Patch for Measles and Rubella Vaccination Is Immunogenic and Protective in Infant Rhesus Macaques.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Sequential Immunizations with heterosubtypic virus-like particles elicit cross protection against divergent influenza A viruses in mice.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Enhanced Immune Responses Conferring Cross-Protection by Skin Vaccination With a Tri-Component Influenza Vaccine Using a Microneedle Patch.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Skin immunization by microneedle patch overcomes statin-induced suppression of immune responses to influenza vaccine.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- A boosting skin vaccination with dissolving microneedle patch encapsulating M2e vaccine broadens the protective efficacy of conventional influenza vaccines.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Skin has gained substantial attention as a vaccine target organ due to its immunological properties, which include a high density of professional antigen presenting cells (APCs). Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of this vaccination route not only in animal models but also in adults. Young children represent a population group that is at high risk from influenza infection. As a result, this group could benefit significantly from influenza vaccine delivery approaches through the skin and the improved immune response it can induce. In this study, we compared the immune responses in young BALB/c mice upon skin delivery of influenza vaccine with vaccination by the conventional intramuscular route. Young mice that received 5 μg of H1N1 A/Ca/07/09 influenza subunit vaccine using MN demonstrated an improved serum antibody response (IgG1 and IgG2a) when compared to the young IM group, accompanied by higher numbers of influenza-specific antibody secreting cells (ASCs) in the bone marrow. In addition, we observed increased activation of follicular helper T cells and formation of germinal centers in the regional lymph nodes in the MN immunized group, rapid clearance of the virus from their lungs as well as complete survival, compared with partial protection observed in the IM-vaccinated group. Our results support the hypothesis that influenza vaccine delivery through the skin would be beneficial for protecting the high-risk young population from influenza infection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.