Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25744132›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical epidemiology2015

A reliable and valid questionnaire was developed to measure computer vision syndrome at the workplace.

María del Mar Seguí, Julio Cabrero-García, Ana Crespo, José Verdú, Elena Ronda

5 registry-linked trialsAbstract readEvaluation StudyValidation Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical epidemiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 130 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
130citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03831919 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Randomised Controlled Trial of Hoya SYNC III Design Lenses

TypeinterventionalSponsorThe Institute of Optometry, LondonRan2019 to 2020Enrolled90ConditionsComputer Vision SyndromeArmsSYNC III, single vision lenses
NCT04309097 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Reducing Eye Strain and Anxiety Using a Digital Intervention During Online Learning Class Recess Among Children at Home: A Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorSun Yat-sen UniversityRan2020 to 2020Enrolled954ConditionsAnxiety, Digital Eye StrainArmsDigital intervention, Information-only intervention
NCT04584216 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Evaluation of the Effects and Safety by the Steam Eye Mask With Acupoints Stimulation for VDT User

TypeinterventionalSponsorKao (Taiwan) CorporationRan2020 to 2020Enrolled60ConditionsDry Eye Symptom, Eye FatigueArmsSteam Eye Mask with acupoints stimulation, Steam Eye Mask
NCT05414799 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Effect of Figure Eight Vision Exercise Combined With Chin Nodding and Neck Stretching Exercises on Computer Vision Syndrome

TypeinterventionalSponsorShifa Tameer-e-Millat UniversityRan2022 to 2022Enrolled66ConditionsNeck Pain, Dry Eye Syndromes, Head Pain, Eye StrainArmsfigure eight vision exercise, chin nodding, neck stretching
NCT06163989 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

The Protective Impact of TheaLoz Duo Eyedrop on the Ocular Surface in Hand-Held Console and Computer Game Users

TypeinterventionalSponsorAston UniversityRan2024 to 2026Enrolled28ConditionsDry Eye Syndromes, Computer Vision SyndromeArmsTheaLoz Duo Eyedrop
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

130 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Astaxanthin (AstaRealAdvances in therapy · 2025
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  8. Is critical flicker-fusion frequency a valid measure of visual fatigue? A post-hoc analysis of a double-masked randomised controlled trial.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2023
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  13. Review
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70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

María del Mar SeguíOptic Pharmacology and Anatomy Department, Public Health Research Group, University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n. 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain. Electronic address: mm.segui@ua.es.
Julio Cabrero-GarcíaNursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n. 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain.
Ana CrespoOptic Pharmacology and Anatomy Department, Public Health Research Group, University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n. 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain.
José VerdúBalmis Research Group on Community Health and History of Science, Community Nursing Preventive Medicine Public Health and History of Science Department, University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n. 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain.
Elena RondaCommunity Nursing Preventive Medicine Public Health and History of Science Department, Public Health Research Group, Occupational Health Research Centre (CISAL), CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n. 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo design and validate a questionnaire to measure visual symptoms related to exposure to computers in the workplace. STUDY DESIGN AND

settingOur computer vision syndrome questionnaire (CVS-Q) was based on a literature review and validated through discussion with experts and performance of a pretest, pilot test, and retest. Content validity was evaluated by occupational health, optometry, and ophthalmology experts. Rasch analysis was used in the psychometric evaluation of the questionnaire. Criterion validity was determined by calculating the sensitivity and specificity, receiver operator characteristic curve, and cutoff point. Test-retest repeatability was tested using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and concordance by Cohen's kappa (κ).

resultsThe CVS-Q was developed with wide consensus among experts and was well accepted by the target group. It assesses the frequency and intensity of 16 symptoms using a single rating scale (symptom severity) that fits the Rasch rating scale model well. The questionnaire has sensitivity and specificity over 70% and achieved good test-retest repeatability both for the scores obtained [ICC = 0.802; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.673, 0.884] and CVS classification (κ = 0.612; 95% CI: 0.384, 0.839).

conclusionThe CVS-Q has acceptable psychometric properties, making it a valid and reliable tool to control the visual health of computer workers, and can potentially be used in clinical trials and outcome research.

Indexed as

AsthenopiaComputer TerminalsConfidence IntervalsEnvironmental MonitoringHealth SurveysHumansOccupational DiseasesPilot ProjectsROC CurveSensitivity and SpecificitySurveys and QuestionnairesSyndromeAsthenopiaComputer terminalsDiagnosisEye diseasesOccupational exposureOccupational health

Identifiers

PMID25744132

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.