ArticleAesthetic plastic surgery2015
Histological characterization of human breast implant capsules.
Article in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Histological Analyses of Capsular Contracture and Associated Risk Factors: A Systematic Review.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of Pentoxifylline on Peri-Implant Capsule Cellularity and Thickness: A Controlled Experimental Study in a Rat Silicone Implant Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Successful Salvage of Exposed Breast Implant Using a Myocapsular Flap: A Rare Case Report.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Experimental Investigation into the Effect of Variable Inflation Intervals on Capsule Thickness in Tissue Expander.Plastic surgery (Oakville, Ont.) · 2026Article
- Biofilm-Antagonist Ginger-Based 3D-Printable Photoresins for Complex Implant Designs Exhibiting Advanced Multifunctional Biomedical Applications.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- The Effects of Ovine-Derived Reinforced Tissue Matrix Surrounding Silicone-Based Implants in a Rat Prepectoral Reconstruction Model.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Capsule histology in breast reconstruction: different materials lead to different tissue responses - a case series.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Article
- A 3D Printed Poly(ε-caprolactone)-Collagen Hybrid Mesh (TissueDerm) for Breast Reconstruction after Mastectomy in a Pig Model.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2026Article
- Ultrasound Elastography and Tonometry as Predictive Tools for Capsular Contracture After Breast Implant Surgery: Over a 12-Month Prospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Sustained-release of 4-hydroxytamoxifen inhibits capsular contracture after breast implant placement in a mouse model.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Article
- Adhesion and Colonization Intensity ofJournal of functional biomaterials · 2025Article
- Long-term Follow-up of Remnant Capsules After Implant Removal Without Capsulectomy: An Animal Model Study.Aesthetic surgery journal · 2025Article
- Breast Cancer Hormone Therapy Modulates Breast Implant Capsular Contracture.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Periostin mediates collagen production, ECM remodeling and myofibroblast differentiation in breast prosthesis capsule formation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Anterior tenting vs. whole wrapping technique for acellular dermal matrix in breast reconstruction under post-mastectomy radiotherapy in rats.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Advances in Etiology and Prevention of Capsular Contracture After Breast Implantation.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Review
- Biologic Response With and Without Acellular Dermal Matrix in Breast Reconstruction.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- A Histological Assessment Tool for Breast Implant Capsules Validated in 480 Patients with and Without Capsular Contracture.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Article
- Long-term Insights: Histopathological Assessment of Polyurethane Implant Capsules Over 24 Years.Aesthetic surgery journal · 2024Article
- Implant Texture and Capsular Contracture: A Review of Cellular and Molecular Pathways.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study investigated the relationships between histomorphological aspects of breast capsules, including capsule thickness, collagen fiber alignment, the presence of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive myofibroblasts, and clinical observations of capsular contracture.
methodsBreast capsule samples were collected at the time of implant removal in patients undergoing breast implant replacement or revision surgery. Capsular contracture was scored preoperatively using the Baker scale. Histological analysis included hematoxylin and eosin staining, quantitative analysis of capsule thickness, collagen fiber alignment, and immunohistochemical evaluation for α-SMA and CD68.
resultsForty-nine samples were harvested from 41 patients. A large variation in histomorphology was observed between samples, including differences in cellularity, fiber density and organization, and overall structure. Baker I capsules were significantly thinner than Baker II, III, and IV capsules. Capsule thickness positively correlated with implantation time for all capsules and for contracted capsules (Baker III and IV). Contracted capsules had significantly greater collagen fiber alignment and α-SMA-positive immunoreactivity than uncontracted capsules (Baker I and II). Capsules from textured implants had significantly less α-SMA-positive immunoreactivity than capsules from smooth implants.
conclusionThe histomorphological diversity observed between the breast capsules highlights the challenges of identifying mechanistic trends in capsular contracture. Our findings support the role of increasing capsule thickness and collagen fiber alignment, and the presence of contractile myofibroblasts in the development of contracture. These changes in capsule structure may be directly related to palpation stiffness considered in the Baker score. Approaches to disrupt these processes may aid in decreasing capsular contracture rates. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.