ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2015
Expression of IL-8, IL-6 and IL-1β in tears as a main characteristic of the immune response in human microbial keratitis.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of IL-6-174 G/C polymorphism and intraocular IL-6 levels in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2020Pooled it
- An eye drop combination for treating Staphylococcus aureus-induced keratitis in rats: repurposing ibuprofen.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The efficacy of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in restoring limbal stem cell deficiency in rat model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Overexpression of HE4/WFDC2 gene in mice leads to keratitis and corneal opacity.Open life sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Proinflammatory Tear Cytokines in Human Adenoviral Keratoconjunctivitis and Clinical Eye Severity.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Ocular surface immune transcriptome and tear cytokines in corneal infection patients.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Preparation and Evaluation of Modified Chitosan Nanoparticles Using Anionic Sodium Alginate Polymer for Treatment of Ocular Disease.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Association of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Interleukin Genes with Microbial Keratitis in a South Indian Population.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Host Molecules That Promote Pathophysiology of Ocular Herpes.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Morphological and cytokine profiles as key parameters to distinguish between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial keratitis.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Increased Expression of TLR4 in Circulating CD4+T Cells in Patients with Allergic Conjunctivitis and In Vitro Attenuation of Th2 Inflammatory Response by Alpha-MSH.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Immune Tolerance as the Physiologic Counterpart of Chronic Inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Histone deacetylase inhibitor attenuates experimental fungal keratitis in mice.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Low Expression of IL-10 in Circulating Bregs and Inverted IL-10/TNF-α Ratio in Tears of Patients with Perennial Allergic Conjunctivitis: A Preliminary Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- The Role of Connexin-43 in the Inflammatory Process: A New Potential Therapy to Influence Keratitis.Journal of ophthalmology · 2019Review
- Changes in interleukin-6 tear concentration and clinical outcome in moderate-to-severe bacterial corneal ulcers after corneal collagen cross-linking.International journal of ophthalmology · 2018Article
- Proteomic analysis of human lacrimal and tear fluid in dry eye disease.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Bilateral Alterations in Corneal Nerves, Dendritic Cells, and Tear Cytokine Levels in Ocular Surface Disease.Cornea · 2016Review
- Changes in Tear Cytokine Concentrations Following Discontinuation of Soft Contact Lenses-A Pilot Study.Eye & contact lens · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Corneal infections are frequent and potentially vision-threatening diseases, and despite the significance of the immunological response in animal models of microbial keratitis (MK), it remains unclear in humans. The aim of this study was to describe the cytokine profile of tears in patients with MK. Characteristics of ocular lesions such as size of the epithelial defect, stromal infiltration, and hypopyon were analyzed. Immunological evaluation included determination of interleukine (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in tear samples obtained from infected eyes of 28 patients with MK and compared with their contralateral non-infected eyes. Additionally, frequency of CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ and CD3-CD56+ cells was also determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with MK, and compared with 48 healthy controls. Non-significant differences were observed in the size of the epithelial defect, stromal infiltration, and hypopyon. Nevertheless, we found an immunological profile apparently related to MK etiology. IL-8 > IL-6 in patients with bacterial keratitis; IL-8 > IL-6 > IL-1β and increased frequency of circulating CD3-CD56+ NK cells in patients with gram-negative keratitis; and IL-8 = IL-6 > IL-1β in patients with fungal keratitis. Characterization of tear cytokines from patients with MK could aid our understanding of the immune pathophysiological mechanisms underlying corneal damage in humans.
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