ArticleG3 (Bethesda, Md.)2015
Drosophila muller f elements maintain a distinct set of genomic properties over 40 million years of evolution.
Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in G3 (Bethesda, Md.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
54citing papers in PubMed
23.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
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Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1014 authors at 20 institutions in 2 countries.
Wilson LeungDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Christopher D ShafferDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Laura K ReedDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401.
Sheryl T SmithDepartment of Biology, Arcadia University, Glenside, PA 19038.
William BarshopDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
William DirkesDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Matthew DothagerDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Paul LeeDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Jeannette WongDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
David XiongDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Han YuanDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
James E J BedardDepartment of Biology, Adams State University, Alamosa, CO 81101.
Joshua F MachoneDepartment of Biology, Adams State University, Alamosa, CO 81101.
Seantay D PattersonDepartment of Biology, Adams State University, Alamosa, CO 81101.
Amber L PriceDepartment of Biology, Adams State University, Alamosa, CO 81101.
Bryce A TurnerDepartment of Biology, Adams State University, Alamosa, CO 81101.
Srebrenka RobicDepartment of Biology, Agnes Scott College, Decatur, GA 30030.
Erin K LuippoldDepartment of Biology, Agnes Scott College, Decatur, GA 30030.
Shannon R McCarthaDepartment of Biology, Agnes Scott College, Decatur, GA 30030.
Tezin A WaljiDepartment of Biology, Agnes Scott College, Decatur, GA 30030.
Chelsea A WalkerDepartment of Biology, Agnes Scott College, Decatur, GA 30030.
Kenneth SavilleDepartment of Biology, Albion College, Albion, MI 49224.
Marita K AbramsDepartment of Biology, Albion College, Albion, MI 49224.
Andrew R ArmstrongDepartment of Biology, Albion College, Albion, MI 49224.
William ArmstrongDepartment of Biology, Albion College, Albion, MI 49224.
Robert J BaileyDepartment of Biology, Albion College, Albion, MI 49224.
Chelsea R BarberiDepartment of Biology, Albion College, Albion, MI 49224.
Lauren R BeckDepartment of Biology, Albion College, Albion, MI 49224.
Amanda L BlakerDepartment of Biology, Albion College, Albion, MI 49224.
Christopher E BlundenDepartment of Biology, Albion College, Albion, MI 49224.
Jordan P BrandDepartment of Biology, Albion College, Albion, MI 49224.
Ethan J BrockDepartment of Biology, Albion College, Albion, MI 49224.
Dana W BrooksDepartment of Biology, Albion College, Albion, MI 49224.
Marie BrownDepartment of Biology, Albion College, Albion, MI 49224.
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Ashley A CollinsDepartment of Biology, Albion College, Albion, MI 49224.
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Marwan IbrahemDepartment of Natural Sciences, Cardinal Stritch University, Milwaukee, WI 53217.
Andre KennedyDepartment of Natural Sciences, Cardinal Stritch University, Milwaukee, WI 53217.
Chad A KoplinskyDepartment of Natural Sciences, Cardinal Stritch University, Milwaukee, WI 53217.
Cassandra KubrickyDepartment of Natural Sciences, Cardinal Stritch University, Milwaukee, WI 53217.
Danielle LadzekpoDepartment of Natural Sciences, Cardinal Stritch University, Milwaukee, WI 53217.
Claire PattisonDepartment of Natural Sciences, Cardinal Stritch University, Milwaukee, WI 53217.
Roman E RamirezDepartment of Natural Sciences, Cardinal Stritch University, Milwaukee, WI 53217.
Lucia WandeDepartment of Natural Sciences, Cardinal Stritch University, Milwaukee, WI 53217.
Sarah WoehlkeDepartment of Natural Sciences, Cardinal Stritch University, Milwaukee, WI 53217.
Matthew WawersikDepartment of Biology, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187.
Elizabeth KiernanDepartment of Biology, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187.
Jeffrey S ThompsonDepartment of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023.
Roxanne BankerDepartment of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023.
Justina R BartlingDepartment of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023.
Chinmoy I BhatiyaDepartment of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023.
Anna L BoudouresDepartment of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023.
Lena ChristiansenDepartment of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023.
Daniel S FosselmanDepartment of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023.
Kristin M FrenchDepartment of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023.
Ishwar S GillDepartment of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023.
Jessen T HavillDepartment of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023.
Jaelyn L JohnsonDepartment of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023.
Lauren J KenyDepartment of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023.
John M KerberDepartment of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023.
Bethany M KlettDepartment of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023.
Christina N KufelDepartment of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023.
Francis J MayDepartment of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023.
Jonathan P MecoliDepartment of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023.
Callie R MerryDepartment of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023.
Lauren R MeyerDepartment of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023.
Emily G MillerDepartment of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023.
Gregory J MullenDepartment of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023.
Katherine C PalozolaDepartment of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023.
Jacob J PfeilDepartment of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023.
Jessica G ThomasDepartment of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023.
Evan M VerbofskyDepartment of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023.
Eric P SpanaDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
Anant AgarwallaDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
Julia ChapmanDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
Ben ChlebinaDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
Insun ChongDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
I N FalkDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
John D FitzgibbonsDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
Harrison FriedmanDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
Osagie IghileDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
Andrew J KimDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
Kristin A KnouseDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
Faith KungDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
Danny MammoDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
Chun Leung NgDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
Vinayak S NikamDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
Diana NortonDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
Philip PhamDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
Jessica W PolkDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
Shreya PrasadDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
Helen RankinDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
Camille D RatliffDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
Victoria ScalaDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
Nicholas U SchwartzDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
Jessica A ShuenDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
Amy XuDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
Thomas Q XuDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
Yi ZhangDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.
Anne G RosenwaldDepartment of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057.
Martin G BurgDepartments of Biomedical Sciences & Cell and Molecular Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401.
Stephanie J AdamsDepartments of Biomedical Sciences & Cell and Molecular Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401.
Morgan BakerDepartments of Biomedical Sciences & Cell and Molecular Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401.
Bobbi BotsfordDepartments of Biomedical Sciences & Cell and Molecular Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401.
Briana BrinkleyDepartments of Biomedical Sciences & Cell and Molecular Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401.
Carter BrownDepartments of Biomedical Sciences & Cell and Molecular Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401.
Shadie EmiahDepartments of Biomedical Sciences & Cell and Molecular Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401.
Erica EnochDepartments of Biomedical Sciences & Cell and Molecular Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401.
Chad GierDepartments of Biomedical Sciences & Cell and Molecular Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401.
Alyson GreenwellDepartments of Biomedical Sciences & Cell and Molecular Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401.
Lindsay HoogenboomDepartments of Biomedical Sciences & Cell and Molecular Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401.
Jordan E MatthewsDepartments of Biomedical Sciences & Cell and Molecular Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401.
Mitchell McDonaldDepartments of Biomedical Sciences & Cell and Molecular Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401.
Amanda MercerDepartments of Biomedical Sciences & Cell and Molecular Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401.
Nicholaus MonsmaDepartments of Biomedical Sciences & Cell and Molecular Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401.
Kristine OstbyDepartments of Biomedical Sciences & Cell and Molecular Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401.
Alen RamicDepartments of Biomedical Sciences & Cell and Molecular Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401.
Devon ShallmanDepartments of Biomedical Sciences & Cell and Molecular Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401.
Matthew SimonDepartments of Biomedical Sciences & Cell and Molecular Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401.
Eric SpencerDepartments of Biomedical Sciences & Cell and Molecular Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401.
Trisha TomkinsDepartments of Biomedical Sciences & Cell and Molecular Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401.
Pete WendlandDepartments of Biomedical Sciences & Cell and Molecular Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401.
Anna WylieDepartments of Biomedical Sciences & Cell and Molecular Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401.
Michael J WolyniakBiology Department, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA 23943.
Gregory M RobertsonBiology Department, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA 23943.
Samuel I SmithBiology Department, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA 23943.
Justin R DiAngeloDepartment of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549.
Eric D SassuDepartment of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549.
Satish C BhallaDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Johnson C. Smith University, Charlotte, NC 28216.
Karim A SharifDepartment of Natural Sciences, LaGuardia Community College, Long Island City, NY 11101.
Tenzin ChoeyingDepartment of Natural Sciences, LaGuardia Community College, Long Island City, NY 11101.
Jason S MaciasDepartment of Natural Sciences, LaGuardia Community College, Long Island City, NY 11101.
Fareed SanusiDepartment of Natural Sciences, LaGuardia Community College, Long Island City, NY 11101.
Karvyn TorchonDepartment of Natural Sciences, LaGuardia Community College, Long Island City, NY 11101.
April E BednarskiChemistry Department, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301.
Consuelo J AlvarezDepartment of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA 23909.
Kristen C DavisDepartment of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA 23909.
Carrie A DunhamDepartment of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA 23909.
Alaina J GranthamDepartment of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA 23909.
Amber N HareDepartment of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA 23909.
Jennifer SchottlerDepartment of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA 23909.
Zackary W ScottDepartment of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA 23909.
Gary A KuleckDepartment of Biology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA 90045.
Nicole S YuDepartment of Biology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA 90045.
Marian M KaehlerBiology Department, Luther College, Decorah, IA 52101.
Jacob JippBiology Department, Luther College, Decorah, IA 52101.
Paul J OvervoordeDepartment of Biology, Macalester College, St. Paul, MN 55105.
Elizabeth ShoopDepartment of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, Macalester College, St. Paul, MN 55105.
Olivia CyrankowskiDepartment of Biology, Macalester College, St. Paul, MN 55105.
Betsy HooverDepartment of Biology, Macalester College, St. Paul, MN 55105.
Matt KusnerDepartment of Biology, Macalester College, St. Paul, MN 55105.
Devry LinDepartment of Biology, Macalester College, St. Paul, MN 55105.
Tijana MartinovDepartment of Biology, Macalester College, St. Paul, MN 55105.
Jonathan MischDepartment of Biology, Macalester College, St. Paul, MN 55105.
Garrett SalzmanDepartment of Biology, Macalester College, St. Paul, MN 55105.
Holly SchiedermayerDepartment of Biology, Macalester College, St. Paul, MN 55105.
Michael SnavelyDepartment of Biology, Macalester College, St. Paul, MN 55105.
Stephanie ZarrasolaDepartment of Biology, Macalester College, St. Paul, MN 55105.
Susan ParrishBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Atlee BakerBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Alissa BeckettBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Carissa BelellaBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Julie BryantBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Turner ConradBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Adam FearnowBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Carolina GomezBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Robert A HerbstsomerBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Sarah HirschBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Christen JohnsonBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Melissa JonesBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Rita KabasoBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Eric LemmonBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Carolina Marques Dos Santos VieiraBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Darryl McFarlandBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Christopher McLaughlinBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Abbie MorganBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Sepo MusokotwaneBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
William NeutzlingBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Jana NietmannBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Christina PaluskieviczBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Jessica PennBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Emily PeoplesBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Caitlin PozmanterBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Emily ReedBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Nichole RigbyBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Lasse SchmidtBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Micah SheltonBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Rebecca ShufordBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Tiara TirasawasdichaiBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Blair UndemBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Damian UrickBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Kayla VondyBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Bryan YarringtonBiology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157.
Todd T EckdahlDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Jeffrey L PoetDepartment of Computer Science, Math and Physics, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Alica B AllenDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
John E AndersonDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Jason M BarnettDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Jordan S BaumgardnerDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Adam D BrownDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Jordan E CarneyDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Ramiro A ChavezDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Shelbi L ChristgenDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Jordan S ChristieDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Andrea N ClaryDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Michel A ConnDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Kristen M CooperDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Matt J CrowleyDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Samuel T CrowleyDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Jennifer S DotyDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Brian A DowDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Curtis R EdwardsDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Darcie D ElderDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
John P FanningDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Bridget M JanssenDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Anthony K LambrightDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Curtiss E LaneDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Austin B LimleDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Tammy MazurDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Marly R McCrackenDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Alexa M McDonoughDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Amy D MeltonDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Phillip J MinnickDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Adam E MusickDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
William H NewhartDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Joseph W NoynaertDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Bradley J OgdenDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Michael W SanduskyDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Samantha M SchmueckerDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Anna L ShipmanDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Anna L SmithDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Kristen M ThomsenDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Matthew R UnzickerDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
William B VernonDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Wesley W WinnDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Dustin S WoyskiDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Xiao ZhuDepartment of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507.
Chunguang DuDepartment of Biology & Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043.
Caitlin AmentDepartment of Biology & Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043.
Soham AsoDepartment of Biology & Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043.
Laura Simone BisognoDepartment of Biology & Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043.
Jason CaronnaDepartment of Biology & Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043.
Nadezhda FefelovaDepartment of Biology & Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043.
Lenin LopezDepartment of Biology & Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043.
Lorraine MalkowitzDepartment of Biology & Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043.
Jonathan MarraDepartment of Biology & Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043.
Daniella MenilloDepartment of Biology & Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043.
Ifeanyi ObiorahDepartment of Biology & Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043.
Eric Nyabeta OnsarigoDepartment of Biology & Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043.
Shekerah PrimusDepartment of Biology & Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043.
Mahdi SoosDepartment of Biology & Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043.
Archana TareDepartment of Biology & Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043.
Ameer ZidanDepartment of Biology & Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043.
Christopher J JonesDepartment of Biological Sciences, Moravian College, Bethlehem, PA 18018.
Todd AronhaltDepartment of Biological Sciences, Moravian College, Bethlehem, PA 18018.
James M BellushDepartment of Biological Sciences, Moravian College, Bethlehem, PA 18018.
Christa BurkeDepartment of Biological Sciences, Moravian College, Bethlehem, PA 18018.
Steve DeFazioDepartment of Biological Sciences, Moravian College, Bethlehem, PA 18018.
Benjamin R DoesDepartment of Biological Sciences, Moravian College, Bethlehem, PA 18018.
Todd D JohnsonDepartment of Biological Sciences, Moravian College, Bethlehem, PA 18018.
Nicholas KeysockDepartment of Biological Sciences, Moravian College, Bethlehem, PA 18018.
Nelson H KnudsenDepartment of Biological Sciences, Moravian College, Bethlehem, PA 18018.
James MesslerDepartment of Biological Sciences, Moravian College, Bethlehem, PA 18018.
Kevin MyirskiDepartment of Biological Sciences, Moravian College, Bethlehem, PA 18018.
Jade Lea RekaiDepartment of Biological Sciences, Moravian College, Bethlehem, PA 18018.
Ryan Michael RempeDepartment of Biological Sciences, Moravian College, Bethlehem, PA 18018.
Michael S SalgadoDepartment of Biological Sciences, Moravian College, Bethlehem, PA 18018.
Erica StagaardDepartment of Biological Sciences, Moravian College, Bethlehem, PA 18018.
Justin R StarcherDepartment of Biological Sciences, Moravian College, Bethlehem, PA 18018.
Andrew W WaggonerDepartment of Biological Sciences, Moravian College, Bethlehem, PA 18018.
Anastasia K YemelyanovaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Moravian College, Bethlehem, PA 18018.
Amy T HarkBiology Department, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA 18104.
Anne BertoletBiology Department, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA 18104.
Cyrus E KuschnerBiology Department, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA 18104.
Kesley ParryBiology Department, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA 18104.
Michael QuachBiology Department, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA 18104.
Lindsey ShantzerBiology Department, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA 18104.
Mary E ShawDepartment of Biology, New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, NM 87701.
Mary A SmithDepartment of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411.
Omolara GlennDepartment of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411.
Portia MasonDepartment of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411.
Charlotte WilliamsDepartment of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411.
S Catherine Silver KeyBiology Department, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707.
Tyneshia C P HenryBiology Department, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707.
Ashlee G JohnsonBiology Department, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707.
Jackie X WhiteBiology Department, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707.
Adam HabermanBiology Department, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074.
Sam AsinofBiology Department, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074.
Kelly DrummBiology Department, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074.
Trip FreeburgBiology Department, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074.
Nadia SafaBiology Department, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074.
Darrin SchultzBiology Department, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074.
Yakov ShevinBiology Department, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074.
Petros SvoronosBiology Department, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074.
Tam VuongBiology Department, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074.
Jules WellinghoffBiology Department, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074.
Laura L M HoopesDepartment of Biology, Pomona College, Claremont, CA 91711.
Kim M ChauDepartment of Biology, Pomona College, Claremont, CA 91711.
Alyssa WardDepartment of Biology, Pomona College, Claremont, CA 91711.
E Gloria C RegisfordDepartment of Biology, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446.
LaJerald AugustineDepartment of Biology, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446.
Brionna Davis-ReyesDepartment of Biology, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446.
Vivienne EchenduDepartment of Biology, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446.
Jasmine HalesDepartment of Biology, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446.
Sharon IbarraDepartment of Biology, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446.
Lauriaun JohnsonDepartment of Biology, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446.
Steven OvuDepartment of Biology, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446.
John M BravermanDepartment of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131.
Thomas J BahrDepartment of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131.
Nicole M CaesarDepartment of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131.
Christopher CampanaDepartment of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131.
Daniel W CassidyDepartment of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131.
Peter A CognettiDepartment of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131.
Johnathan D EnglishDepartment of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131.
Matthew C FadusDepartment of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131.
Cameron N FickDepartment of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131.
Philip J FredaDepartment of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131.
Bryan M HennessyDepartment of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131.
Kelsey HockenbergerDepartment of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131.
Jennifer K JonesDepartment of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131.
Jessica E KingDepartment of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131.
Christopher R KnobDepartment of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131.
Karen J KraftmannDepartment of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131.
Linghui LiDepartment of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131.
Lena N LupeyDepartment of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131.
Carl J MinnitiDepartment of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131.
Thomas F MintonDepartment of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131.
Joseph V MoranDepartment of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131.
Krishna MudumbiDepartment of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131.
Elizabeth C NordmanDepartment of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131.
William J PuetzDepartment of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131.
Lauren M RobinsonDepartment of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131.
Thomas J RoseDepartment of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131.
Edward P SweeneyDepartment of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131.
Ashley S TimkoDepartment of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131.
Don W PaetkauDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN 46556.
Heather L EislerDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN 46556.
Megan E AldrupDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN 46556.
Jessica M BodenbergDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN 46556.
Mara G ColeDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN 46556.
Kelly M DeranekDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN 46556.
Megan DeShetlerDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN 46556.
Rose M DowdDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN 46556.
Alexandra K EckardtDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN 46556.
Sharon C EhretDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN 46556.
Jessica FeseDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN 46556.
Amanda D GarrettDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN 46556.
Anna KammrathDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN 46556.
Michelle L KappesDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN 46556.
Morgan R LightDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN 46556.
Anne C MeierDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN 46556.
Allison O'RoukeDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN 46556.
Mallory PerellaDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN 46556.
Kimberley RamseyDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN 46556.
Jennifer R RamthunDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN 46556.
Mary T ReillyDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN 46556.
Deirdre RobinettDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN 46556.
Nadine L RossiDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN 46556.
Mary Grace SchuelerDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN 46556.
Emma ShoemakerDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN 46556.
Kristin M StarkeyDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN 46556.
Ashley VetorDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN 46556.
Abby VrableDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN 46556.
Vidya ChandrasekaranDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College of California, Moraga, CA 94556.
Christopher BeckDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College of California, Moraga, CA 94556.
Kristen R HatfieldDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College of California, Moraga, CA 94556.
Douglas A HerrickDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College of California, Moraga, CA 94556.
Christopher B KhouryDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College of California, Moraga, CA 94556.
Charlotte LeaDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College of California, Moraga, CA 94556.
Christopher A LouieDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College of California, Moraga, CA 94556.
Shannon M LowellDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College of California, Moraga, CA 94556.
Thomas J ReynoldsDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College of California, Moraga, CA 94556.
Jeanine SchiblerDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College of California, Moraga, CA 94556.
Alexandra H ScomaDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College of California, Moraga, CA 94556.
Maxwell T Smith-GeeDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College of California, Moraga, CA 94556.
Sarah TubertyDepartment of Biology, Saint Mary's College of California, Moraga, CA 94556.
Christopher D SmithDepartment of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco CA 94132.
Jane E LopilatoBiology Department, Simmons College, Boston, MA 02115.
Jeanette HaukeBiology Department, Simmons College, Boston, MA 02115.
Jennifer A Roecklein-CanfieldDepartment of Chemistry, Simmons College, Boston, MA 02115.
Maureen CorrielusDepartment of Chemistry, Simmons College, Boston, MA 02115.
Hannah GilmanDepartment of Chemistry, Simmons College, Boston, MA 02115.
Stephanie IntriagoDepartment of Chemistry, Simmons College, Boston, MA 02115.
Amanda MaffaDepartment of Chemistry, Simmons College, Boston, MA 02115.
Sabya A RaufDepartment of Chemistry, Simmons College, Boston, MA 02115.
Katrina ThistleDepartment of Chemistry, Simmons College, Boston, MA 02115.
Melissa TrieuDepartment of Chemistry, Simmons College, Boston, MA 02115.
Jenifer WintersDepartment of Chemistry, Simmons College, Boston, MA 02115.
Bib YangDepartment of Chemistry, Simmons College, Boston, MA 02115.
Charles R HauserBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
Tariq AbusheikhBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
Yara AshrawiBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
Pedro BenitezBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
Lauren R BoudreauxBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
Megan BourlandBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
Miranda ChavezBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
Samantha CruzBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
GiNell ElliottBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
Jesse R FarekBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
Sarah FlohrBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
Amanda H FloresBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
Chelsey FriedrichsBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
Zach FuscoBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
Zane GoodwinBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
Eric HelmreichBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
John KileyBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
John Mark KnepperBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
Christine LangnerBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
Megan MartinezBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
Carlos MendozaBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
Monal NaikBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
Andrea OchoaBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
Nicolas RaglandBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
England RaimeyBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
Sunil RathoreBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
Evangelina RezaBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
Griffin SadovskyBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
Marie-Isabelle B SeydouxBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
Jonathan E SmithBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
Anna K UnruhBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
Vicente VelasquezBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
Matthew W WolskiBioinformatics Program, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704.
Yuying GosserGrove School of Engineering, City College / CUNY, New York, NY10031.
Shubha GovindBiology Department, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031.
Nicole Clarke-MedleyGrove School of Engineering, City College / CUNY, New York, NY10031.
Leslie GuadronGrove School of Engineering, City College / CUNY, New York, NY10031.
Dawn LauGrove School of Engineering, City College / CUNY, New York, NY10031.
Alvin LuGrove School of Engineering, City College / CUNY, New York, NY10031.
Cheryl MazzeoGrove School of Engineering, City College / CUNY, New York, NY10031.
Mariam MeghdariGrove School of Engineering, City College / CUNY, New York, NY10031.
Simon NgGrove School of Engineering, City College / CUNY, New York, NY10031.
Brad PamnaniGrove School of Engineering, City College / CUNY, New York, NY10031.
Olivia PlanteGrove School of Engineering, City College / CUNY, New York, NY10031.
Yuki Kwan Wa ShumGrove School of Engineering, City College / CUNY, New York, NY10031.
Roy SongGrove School of Engineering, City College / CUNY, New York, NY10031.
Diana E JohnsonDepartment of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
Mai AbdelnabiDepartment of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
Alexi ArchambaultDepartment of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
Norma ChammaDepartment of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
Shailly GaurDepartment of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
Deborah HammettDepartment of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
Adrese KandahariDepartment of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
Guzal KhayrullinaDepartment of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
Sonali KumarDepartment of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
Samantha LawrenceDepartment of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
Nigel MaddenDepartment of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
Max MandelbaumDepartment of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
Heather MilnthorpDepartment of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
Shiv MohiniDepartment of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
Roshni PatelDepartment of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
Sarah J PeacockDepartment of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
Emily PerlingDepartment of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
Amber QuintanaDepartment of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
Michael RahimiDepartment of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
Kristen RamirezDepartment of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
Rishi SinghalDepartment of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
Corinne WeeksDepartment of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
Tiffany WongDepartment of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
Aubree T GillisDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401.
Zachary D MooreDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401.
Christopher D SavellDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401.
Reece WatsonDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401.
Stephanie F MelDivision of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
Arjun A AnilkumarDivision of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
Paul BilinskiDivision of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
Rostislav CastilloDivision of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
Michael ClosserDivision of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
Nathalia M CruzDivision of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
Tiffany DaiDivision of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
Giancarlo F GarbagnatiDivision of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
Lanor S HortonDivision of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
Dongyeon KimDivision of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
Joyce H LauDivision of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
James Z LiuDivision of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
Sandy D MachDivision of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
Thu A PhanDivision of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
Yi RenDivision of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
Kenneth E StapletonDivision of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
Jean M StrelitzDivision of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
Ray SunjedDivision of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
Joyce StammDepartment of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722.
Morgan C AndersonDepartment of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722.
Bethany Grace BonifieldDepartment of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722.
Daniel CoomesDepartment of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722.
Adam DillmanDepartment of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722.
Elaine J DurchholzDepartment of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722.
Antoinette E Fafara-ThompsonDepartment of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722.
Meleah J GrossDepartment of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722.
Amber M GygiDepartment of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722.
Lesley E JacksonDepartment of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722.
Amy JohnsonDepartment of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722.
Zuzana KocsisovaDepartment of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722.
Joshua L ManghelliDepartment of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722.
Kylie McNeilDepartment of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722.
Michael MurilloDepartment of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722.
Kierstin L NaylorDepartment of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722.
Jessica NeelyDepartment of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722.
Emmy E OgawaDepartment of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722.
Ashley RichDepartment of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722.
Anna RogersDepartment of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722.
J Devin SpencerDepartment of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722.
Kristina M StemlerDepartment of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722.
Allison A ThromDepartment of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722.
Matt Van CampDepartment of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722.
Katie WeihbrechtDepartment of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722.
T Aaron WilesDepartment of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722.
Mallory A WilliamsDepartment of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722.
Matthew WilliamsDepartment of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722.
Kyle ZollDepartment of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722.
Cheryl BaileyDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588.
Leming ZhouDepartment of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
Darla M BalthaserDepartment of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
Azita BashiriDepartment of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
Mindy E BowerDepartment of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
Kayla A FlorianDepartment of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
Nazanin GhavamDepartment of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
Elizabeth S Greiner-SosankoDepartment of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
Helmet KarimDepartment of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
Victor W MullenDepartment of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
Carly E PelchenDepartment of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
Paul M YenerallDepartment of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
Jiayu ZhangDepartment of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
Michael R RubinDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, Cayey, PR 00736.
Suzette M Arias-MejiasDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, Cayey, PR 00736.
Armando G Bermudez-CapoDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, Cayey, PR 00736.
Gabriela V Bernal-VegaDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, Cayey, PR 00736.
Mariela Colon-VazquezDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, Cayey, PR 00736.
Arelys Flores-VazquezDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, Cayey, PR 00736.
Mariela Gines-RosarioDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, Cayey, PR 00736.
Ivan G Llavona-CartagenaDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, Cayey, PR 00736.
Javier O Martinez-RodriguezDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, Cayey, PR 00736.
Lionel Ortiz-FuentesDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, Cayey, PR 00736.
Eliezer O Perez-ColombaDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, Cayey, PR 00736.
Joseph Perez-OteroDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, Cayey, PR 00736.
Elisandra RiveraDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, Cayey, PR 00736.
Luke J Rodriguez-GironDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, Cayey, PR 00736.
Arnaldo J Santiago-SanabriaDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, Cayey, PR 00736.
Andrea M Senquiz-GonzalezDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, Cayey, PR 00736.
Frank R Soto delValleDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, Cayey, PR 00736.
Dorianmarie Vargas-FrancoDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, Cayey, PR 00736.
Karla I Velázquez-SotoDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, Cayey, PR 00736.
Joan D Zambrana-BurgosDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, Cayey, PR 00736.
Juan Carlos Martinez-CruzadoDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Lillyann Asencio-ZayasDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Kevin Babilonia-FigueroaDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Francis D Beauchamp-PérezDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Juliana Belén-RodríguezDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Luciann Bracero-QuiñonesDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Andrea P Burgos-BulaDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Xavier A Collado-MéndezDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Luis R Colón-CruzDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Ana I Correa-MullerDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Jonathan L Crooke-RosadoDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
José M Cruz-GarcíaDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Marianna Defendini-ÁvilaDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Francheska M Delgado-PerazaDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Alex J Feliciano-CancelaDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Valerie M Gónzalez-PérezDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Wilfried GuibletDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Aldo Heredia-NegrónDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Jennifer Hernández-MuñizDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Lourdes N Irizarry-GonzálezDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Ángel L Laboy-CoralesDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Gabriela A Llaurador-CaraballoDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Frances Marín-MaldonadoDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Ulises Marrero-LlerenaDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Héctor A Martell-MartínezDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Idaliz M Martínez-TraversoDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Kiara N Medina-OrtegaDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Sonya G Méndez-CastellanosDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Krizia C Menéndez-SerranoDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Carol I Morales-CaraballoDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Saryleine Ortiz-DeChoudensDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Patricia Ortiz-OrtizDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Hendrick Pagán-TorresDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Diana Pérez-AfanadorDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Enid M Quintana-TorresDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Edwin G Ramírez-AponteDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Carolina Riascos-CueroDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Michelle S Rivera-LlovetDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Ingrid T Rivera-PagánDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Ramón E Rivera-VicénsDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Fabiola Robles-JuarbeDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Lorraine Rodríguez-BonillaDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Brian O Rodríguez-EchevarríaDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Priscila M Rodríguez-GarcíaDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Abneris E Rodríguez-LaboyDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Susana Rodríguez-SantiagoDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Michael L Rojas-VargasDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Eva N Rubio-MarreroDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Albeliz Santiago-ColónDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Jorge L Santiago-OrtizDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Carlos E Santos-RamosDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Joseline Serrano-GonzálezDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Alina M Tamayo-FigueroaDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Edna P Tascón-PeñarandaDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
José L Torres-CastilloDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Nelson A Valentín-FelicianoDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Yashira M Valentín-FelicianoDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Nadyan M Vargas-BarretoDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Miguel Vélez-VázquezDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Luis R Vilanova-VélezDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Cristina Zambrana-EchevarríaDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680.
Christy MacKinnonBiology Department, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX 78209.
Hui-Min ChungDepartment of Biology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL 32514.
Chris KayDepartment of Biology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL 32514.
Anthony PintoDepartment of Biology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL 32514.
Olga R KoppDepartment of Biology, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT 84058.
Joshua BurkhardtDepartment of Biology, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT 84058.
Chris HarwardDepartment of Biology, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT 84058.
Robert AllenDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Pavan BhatDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Jimmy Hsiang-Chun ChangDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
York ChenDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Christopher ChesleyDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Dara CohnDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
David DuPuisDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Michael FasanoDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Nicholas FazzioDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Katherine GavinskiDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Heran GebreyesusDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Thomas GiarlaDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Marcus GostelowDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Rachel GreensteinDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Hashini GunasingheDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Casey HansonDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Amanda HayDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Tao Jian HeDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Katie HomaDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Ruth HoweDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Jeff HowensteinDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Henry HuangDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Aaditya KhatriDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Young Lu KimDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Olivia KnowlesDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Sarah KongDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Rebecca KrockDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Matt KrollDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Julia KuhnDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Matthew KwongDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Brandon LeeDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Ryan LeeDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Kevin LevineDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Yedda LiDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Bo LiuDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Lucy LiuDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Max LiuDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Adam LousararianDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Jimmy MaDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Allyson MallyaDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Charlie MancheeDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Joseph MarcusDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Stephen McDanielDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Michelle L MillerDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Jerome M MollestonDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Cristina Montero DiezDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Patrick NgDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Natalie NgaiDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Hien NguyenDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Andrew NylanderDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Jason PollackDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Suchita RastogiDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Himabindu ReddyDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Nathaniel RegenoldDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Jon SarezkyDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Michael SchultzDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Jien ShimDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Tara SkorupaDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Kenneth SmithDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Sarah J SpencerDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Priya SrikanthDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Gabriel StancuDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Andrew P SteinDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Marshall StrotherDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Lisa SudmeierDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Mengyang SunDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Varun SundaramDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Noor TazudeenDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Alan TsengDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Albert TzengDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Rohit VenkatDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Sandeep VenkataramDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Leah WaldmanDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Tracy WangDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Hao YangDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Jack Y YuDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Yin ZhengDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Mary L PreussDepartment of Biological Sciences, Webster University, Webster Groves, MO 63119.
Angelica GarciaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Webster University, Webster Groves, MO 63119.
Matt JuergensDepartment of Biological Sciences, Webster University, Webster Groves, MO 63119.
Robert W MorrisDepartment of Biology, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013.
Alexis A NagengastDepartments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013.
Julie AzarewiczDepartments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013.
Thomas J CarrDepartments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013.
Nicole ChichearoDepartments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013.
Mike ColganDepartments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013.
Megan DoneganDepartments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013.
Bob GardnerDepartments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013.
Nik KolbaDepartments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013.
Janice L KrummDepartments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013.
Stacey LytleDepartments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013.
Laurell MacMillianDepartments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013.
Mary MillerDepartments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013.
Andrew MontgomeryDepartments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013.
Alysha MorettiDepartments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013.
Brittney OffenbackerDepartments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013.
Mike PolenDepartments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013.
John TothDepartments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013.
John WoytanowskiDepartments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013.
Lisa KadlecDepartment of Biology, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18766.
Justin CrawfordDepartment of Biology, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18766.
Mary L SprattDepartment of Biology, William Woods University, Fulton, MO 65251.
Ashley L AdamsDepartment of Biology, William Woods University, Fulton, MO 65251.
Brianna K BarnardDepartment of Biology, William Woods University, Fulton, MO 65251.
Martin N CheramieDepartment of Biology, William Woods University, Fulton, MO 65251.
Anne M EimeDepartment of Biology, William Woods University, Fulton, MO 65251.
Kathryn L GoldenDepartment of Biology, William Woods University, Fulton, MO 65251.
Allyson P HawkinsDepartment of Biology, William Woods University, Fulton, MO 65251.
Jessica E HillDepartment of Biology, William Woods University, Fulton, MO 65251.
Jessica A KampmeierDepartment of Biology, William Woods University, Fulton, MO 65251.
Cody D KernDepartment of Biology, William Woods University, Fulton, MO 65251.
Emily E MagnusonDepartment of Biology, William Woods University, Fulton, MO 65251.
Ashley R MillerDepartment of Biology, William Woods University, Fulton, MO 65251.
Cody M MorrowDepartment of Biology, William Woods University, Fulton, MO 65251.
Julia C PeairsDepartment of Biology, William Woods University, Fulton, MO 65251.
Gentry L PickettDepartment of Biology, William Woods University, Fulton, MO 65251.
Sarah A PopelkaDepartment of Biology, William Woods University, Fulton, MO 65251.
Alexis J ScottDepartment of Biology, William Woods University, Fulton, MO 65251.
Emily J TeepeDepartment of Biology, William Woods University, Fulton, MO 65251.
Katie A TerMeerDepartment of Biology, William Woods University, Fulton, MO 65251.
Carmen A WatchinskiDepartment of Biology, William Woods University, Fulton, MO 65251.
Lucas A WatsonDepartment of Biology, William Woods University, Fulton, MO 65251.
Rachel E WeberDepartment of Biology, William Woods University, Fulton, MO 65251.
Kate A WoodardDepartment of Biology, William Woods University, Fulton, MO 65251.
Daron C BarnardBiology Department, Worcester State University, Worcester, MA 01602.
Isaac AppiahBiology Department, Worcester State University, Worcester, MA 01602.
Michelle M GiddensBiology Department, Worcester State University, Worcester, MA 01602.
Gerard P McNeilDepartment of Biology, York College / CUNY, Jamaica, NY 11451.
Adeola AdebayoDepartment of Biology, York College / CUNY, Jamaica, NY 11451.
Kate BagaevaDepartment of Biology, York College / CUNY, Jamaica, NY 11451.
Justina ChinwongDepartment of Biology, York College / CUNY, Jamaica, NY 11451.
Chrystel DolDepartment of Biology, York College / CUNY, Jamaica, NY 11451.
Eunice GeorgeDepartment of Biology, York College / CUNY, Jamaica, NY 11451.
Kirk HaltaufderhydeDepartment of Biology, York College / CUNY, Jamaica, NY 11451.
Joanna HayeDepartment of Biology, York College / CUNY, Jamaica, NY 11451.
Manpreet KaurDepartment of Biology, York College / CUNY, Jamaica, NY 11451.
Max SemonDepartment of Biology, York College / CUNY, Jamaica, NY 11451.
Dmitri SerjanovDepartment of Biology, York College / CUNY, Jamaica, NY 11451.
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Nicole C RiddleDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Jeremy BuhlerDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Elaine R MardisGenome Institute, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108.
Sarah C R ElginDepartment of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130 selgin@wustl.edu.
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Funding
Medical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM007753 · NIGMS · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI WALENSKY, LOREN DAVID · 1985 to 2021
$50.0MINTEGRATED TRAINING FOR PHYSICIAN-SCIENTISTST32GM008692 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI BURKARD, MARK E · 1998 to 2020
$10.3MUMDNJ-RUTGERS UNIVERSITY PIPELINE PROGRAMR25GM055145 · NIGMS · UNIV OF MED/DENT NJ-R W JOHNSON MED SCH · PI HAIMOVICH, BEATRICE, LANGER, JEROME ALAN · 1996 to 2020
$8.7MMedical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM063483 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI · PI KHURANA HERSHEY, GURJIT K. · 2002 to 2022
$6.7MTraining Program in Chemistry-Interface with BiologyT32GM070421 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS URBANA-CHAMPAIGN · PI HERGENROTHER, PAUL · 2005 to 2019
$5.4MFormation, Structure and Function in HeterochromatinR01GM068388 · NIGMS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI ELGIN, SARAH C.R. · 2003 to 2011
$3.9MTraining Program in Translational Biology and Molecular MedicineT32GM088129 · NIGMS · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI ROONEY, CLIONA M., VAN DEN VEYVER, IGNATIA B · 2010 to 2019
$3.0MHoward Hughes Medical InstituteNHGRI NIH HHS 2U54 HG00307910NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM068388NIGMS NIH HHS R25 GM055145NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007753NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008692NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM063483NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM070421NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM088129
Abstract
The Muller F element (4.2 Mb, ~80 protein-coding genes) is an unusual autosome of Drosophila melanogaster; it is mostly heterochromatic with a low recombination rate. To investigate how these properties impact the evolution of repeats and genes, we manually improved the sequence and annotated the genes on the D. erecta, D. mojavensis, and D. grimshawi F elements and euchromatic domains from the Muller D element. We find that F elements have greater transposon density (25-50%) than euchromatic reference regions (3-11%). Among the F elements, D. grimshawi has the lowest transposon density (particularly DINE-1: 2% vs. 11-27%). F element genes have larger coding spans, more coding exons, larger introns, and lower codon bias. Comparison of the Effective Number of Codons with the Codon Adaptation Index shows that, in contrast to the other species, codon bias in D. grimshawi F element genes can be attributed primarily to selection instead of mutational biases, suggesting that density and types of transposons affect the degree of local heterochromatin formation. F element genes have lower estimated DNA melting temperatures than D element genes, potentially facilitating transcription through heterochromatin. Most F element genes (~90%) have remained on that element, but the F element has smaller syntenic blocks than genome averages (3.4-3.6 vs. 8.4-8.8 genes per block), indicating greater rates of inversion despite lower rates of recombination. Overall, the F element has maintained characteristics that are distinct from other autosomes in the Drosophila lineage, illuminating the constraints imposed by a heterochromatic milieu.
Indexed as
Evolution, MolecularGenomeGenomicsAnimalsCodonComputational BiologyDNA Transposable ElementsDrosophilaDrosophila melanogasterDrosophila ProteinsExonsGene RearrangementHeterochromatinIntronsMolecular Sequence AnnotationPolytene ChromosomesCodonDNA Transposable ElementsDrosophila ProteinsHeterochromatincodon biasevolution of heterochromatingene sizemelting characteristicstransposons
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