ArticlePloS one2015
Isoform switch of pyruvate kinase M1 indeed occurs but not to pyruvate kinase M2 in human tumorigenesis.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunoassay for pyruvate kinase M1/2 as an Alzheimer's biomarker in CSF.Open life sciences · 2025Article
- Effect of HPV Oncoprotein on Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Tumor Cells.Current cancer drug targets · 2024Review
- Transcriptomic Response to Calcium in Normal Colon Organoids is Impacted by Colon Location and Sex.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2022Article
- PKM2 Is Essential for Bladder Cancer Growth and Maintenance.Cancer research · 2022Article
- The Role of PKM2 in Metabolic Reprogramming: Insights into the Regulatory Roles of Non-Coding RNAs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Proteomic Profiling Change and Its Implies in the Early Mycosis Fungoides (MF) Using Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantification (iTRAQ).BioMed research international · 2020Article
- Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Different Types of Broiler Skeletal Muscle Fibers Using the RNA-seq Technique.BioMed research international · 2020Article
- Aberrant DNA methylation defines isoform usage in cancer, with functional implications.PLoS computational biology · 2019Article
- Loss of PKM2 in Lgr5Scientific reports · 2019Article
- PKM2, function and expression and regulation.Cell & bioscience · 2019Review
- The Multifarious Functions of Pyruvate Kinase M2 in Oral Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
- Article
- Metabolic Pathways of the Warburg Effect in Health and Disease: Perspectives of Choice, Chain or Chance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
- PKM2 in carcinogenesis and oncotherapy.Oncotarget · 2017Review
- Pkm2 can enhance pluripotency in ESCs and promote somatic cell reprogramming to iPSCs.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Review
- Pyruvate Kinase M2: A Potential Target for Regulating Inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Review
- Mitochondria in Cancer Energy Metabolism: Culprits or Bystanders?Toxicological research · 2015Review
- Contemporary Perspectives on the Warburg Effect Inhibition in Cancer Therapy.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Muscle type of pyruvate kinase (PKM) is one of the key mediators of the Warburg effect and tumor metabolism. Due to alternative splicing, there are at least 12 known isoforms of the PKM gene, of which PKM1 and PKM2 are two major isoforms with only a 23 amino acid sequenced difference but quite different characteristics and functions. It was previously thought the isoform switch from PKM1 to PKM2 resulted in high PKM2 expression in tumors, providing a great advantage to tumor cells. However, this traditional view was challenged by two recent studies; one study claimed that this isoform switch does not occur during the Warburg effect; the other study asserted that the isoform switch is tissue-specific. Here, we re-analyzed the RNA sequencing data of 25 types of human tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas Data Portal, and confirmed that PKM2 was the major isoform in the tumors and was highly elevated in addition to the entire PKM gene. We further demonstrated that the expression level of PKM1 significantly declined even though there was substantially increased expression of the entire PKM gene. The proportion of PKM1 in total transcript variants also significantly declined in tumors but the proportion of PKM2 did not change accordingly. Therefore, we conclude that the isoform switch of PKM1 does indeed occur, but it switches to other isoforms rather than PKM2. Considering the change in the expression levels of PKM1, PKM2 and the entire PKM gene, we propose that the upregulation of PKM2 is primarily due to elevated transcriptional levels of the entire PKM gene, instead of the isoform switch.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.