ArticleExperimental animals2015
Effect of midazolam and butorphanol premedication on inhalant isoflurane anesthesia in mice.
Article in Experimental animals, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- General anesthesia and depth of anesthesia (DoA) evaluation methods in laboratory animals: a comprehensive review.Veterinary research communications · 2026Review
- Respiratory rate as a X-ray-based biomarker for the longitudinal assessment of lung function and pathology.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Short-term dynamics of fecal microbiome and antibiotic resistance in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following antibiotic treatment and withdrawal.Animal microbiome · 2024Article
- Butorphanol inhibits ferroptosis to attenuate PC12 cell injury by blocking JNK/p38 signaling.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Article
- Use of Ketamine or Xylazine to Provide Balanced Anesthesia with Isoflurane in C57BL/6J Mice.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2022Article
- Mouse Anesthesia: The Art and Science.ILAR journal · 2021Review
- Comparative Metagenomic Analysis of Chicken Gut Microbial Community, Function, and Resistome to Evaluate Noninvasive and Cecal Sampling Resources.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Therapeutic Effect of an Anti-Human Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Nanobody on Polymicrobial Sepsis in Humanized Mice.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2021Article
- Butorphanol protects PC12 cells against OGD/R-induced inflammation and apoptosis.Molecular medicine reports · 2020Article
- Effects of Standard and Sustained-release Buprenorphine on the Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Isoflurane in C57BL/6 Mice.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2020Article
- Edaravone at high concentrations attenuates cognitive dysfunctions induced by abdominal surgery under general anesthesia in aged mice.Metabolic brain disease · 2020Article
- Article
- Different sensitivity to the suppressive effects of isoflurane anesthesia on cardiorespiratory function in SHR/Izm, WKY/Izm, and Crl:CD (SD) rats.Experimental animals · 2016Article
- Combining isoflurane anesthesia with midazolam and butorphanol in rats.Experimental animals · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Isoflurane is a representative inhalant anesthesia used in laboratory animals. However, isoflurane mediates respiratory depression and adverse clinical reactions during induction. In the present study, we established a novel balanced anesthesia method in mice that combined isoflurane anesthesia with midazolam and butorphanol (MB). Thirty-four male C57BL/6J mice received either isoflurane alone or isoflurane with an intra-peritoneal MB premedication (3 mg/kg midazolam and 4 mg/kg butorphanol). The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) in each group was evaluated. Induction time and adverse clinical reactions were recorded in each group. Core body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation (SPO(2)) were assessed before and for 1 h after induction. Premedication with MB achieved a significant reduction in MAC compared with isoflurane monoanesthesia (isoflurane, 1.38 ± 0.15%; isoflurane with MB, 0.78 ± 0.10%; P<0.05). Induction time was significantly shortened with MB premedication, and adverse reactions such as excitement or incontinence were observed less frequently. Furthermore, isoflurane anesthesia with MB premedication caused increase of respiratory rates compared to isoflurane monoanesthesia. No significant decrease of SPO(2) was observed in MBI anesthesia, while a decrease in SPO(2) was apparent with isoflurane monoanesthesia (baseline, 98.3% ± 1.1; 10 min after induction, 91.8 ± 6.4%; P<0.05). In conclusion, premedication with MB was effective for the mitigation of respiratory depression induced by isoflurane in mice, with rapid induction and fewer adverse clinical reactions.
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