ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2015
Factors associated with being asked to initiate someone into injection drug use.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Harms associated with injecting in public spaces: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and Correlates of Providing and Receiving Assistance With the Transition to Injection Drug Use.Epidemiologic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Harm reduction self-efficacy and motivations for contactless supply access among a sample of syringe services program participants.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- The influence of transformations in supply on methamphetamine initiation among people injecting opioids in the United States.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- First-line opioid agonist treatment as prevention against assisting others in initiating injection drug use: A longitudinal cohort study of people who inject drugs in Vancouver, Canada.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2023Article
- The practice and embodiment of "goofballs": A qualitative study exploring the co-injection of methamphetamines and opioids.The International journal on drug policy · 2022Article
- The influence of poly-drug use patterns on the association between opioid agonist treatment engagement and injecting initiation assistance.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2022Article
- Injecting drug use opportunities and reasons for choosing not to inject: A population-based study of Australian young adults who use stimulants.Drug and alcohol review · 2022Article
- Factors Associated with Likelihood of Initiating Others into Injection Drug Use Among People Who Inject Drugs in West Virginia.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- Patterns of and Rationale for the Co-use of Methamphetamine and Opioids: Findings From Qualitative Interviews in New Mexico and Nevada.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- The impact of recent homelessness on the provision of injection drug use initiation assistance among persons who inject drugs in Tijuana, Mexico and Vancouver, Canada.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- Assisted injection provider practices and motivations in Los Angeles and San Francisco California 2016-18.The International journal on drug policy · 2021Article
- Drug injection and associated factors among the elderly living with HIV/AIDS in Tehran, Iran.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2021Article
- Self-perception of assisting with future injection drug initiation: The influence of relationships in the process of drug injecting initiation.Drug and alcohol review · 2021Article
- Recent incarceration and risk of first-time injection initiation assistance: A prospective cohort study of persons who inject drugs.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- Initiating Persons into Injection Drug Use in Rural West Virginia, USA.Substance use & misuse · 2020Article
- Cost-effectiveness of scaling-up HCV prevention and treatment in the United States for people who inject drugs.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2019Article
- Opioid agonist treatment scale-up and the initiation of injection drug use: A dynamic modeling analysis.PLoS medicine · 2019Article
- Opioid agonist treatment and the process of injection drug use initiation.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Article
- Factors Associated with Frequency of Recent Initiation of Others into Injection Drug Use Among People Who Inject Drugs in Los Angeles and San Francisco, CA, USA, 2016-17.Substance use & misuse · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimsInjection drug use initiation typically involves an established person who injects drugs (PWID) helping the injection-naïve person to inject. Prior to initiation, PWID may be involved in behaviors that elevate injection initiation risk for non-injectors such as describing how to inject and injecting in front of injection-naïve people. In this analysis, we examine whether PWID who engage in either of these behaviors are more likely to be asked to initiate someone into drug injection.
methodsInterviews with PWID (N = 602) were conducted in California between 2011 and 2013. Multivariate analysis was conducted to determine factors associated with being asked to initiate someone.
resultsThe sample was diverse in terms of age, race/ethnicity, and drug use patterns. Seventy-one percent of the sample had ever been asked to initiate someone. Being asked to initiate someone was associated with having injected in front of non-injectors (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 1.80, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.12, 2.91), having described injection to non-injectors (AOR = 3.63; 95% CI = 2.07, 6.36), and doing both (AOR = 9.56; 95% CI = 4.43, 20.65) as compared to doing neither behavior (referent). Being female (AOR = 1.73; 95% CI = 1.10, 2.73) and non-injection prescription drug misuse in the last 30 days (AOR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.12, 2.53) were also associated with having been asked to initiate someone.
conclusionReducing initiation into injection drug use is an important public health goal. Intervention development to prevent injection initiation should include established PWID and focus on reducing behaviors associated with requests to initiate injection and reinforcing refusal skills and intentions among established PWID.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.