ArticleThe American journal of psychiatry2015
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Association With Higher Incidence of Depressive Symptoms in a General Elderly Population: The AGES-Reykjavik Study.
Article in The American journal of psychiatry, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- Longitudinal Changes of White Matter Hyperintensities in Sporadic Small Vessel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease and Risk of Incidence of Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Cohort Studies.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2020Pooled it
- Characterization of White Matter Hyperintensities in Large-Scale MRI-Studies.Frontiers in neurology · 2019Pooled it
- Association of Microvascular Dysfunction With Late-Life Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA psychiatry · 2017Pooled it
- Community-based group rehabilitation program for stroke patients with dysphagia on quality of life, depression symptoms, and swallowing function: a randomized controlled trial.BMC geriatrics · 2023Trial
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Defined Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Burden and Longitudinal Neuropsychiatric and Functional Recovery After Stroke: A Prospective Cohort Study.Neurology international · 2026Article
- Associations of Midlife Vascular Risk Factors With Late-Life Depressive Symptoms: Findings From the ARIC Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Late-onset major depression and subthreshold depressive symptoms as early clinical correlates of brain small vessel disease.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Neurovascular coupling and cerebrovascular reactivity: physiology, lifespan development, pathophysiology, and clinical relevance.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Associations between enlarged perivascular spaces and clinical manifestations: a meta-analysis.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2026Review
- Complex Neurobiological Mechanisms and Risk Factors Underlying Late-Life Depression.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Multi-marker cerebral small vessel disease score and risk of incident depression: The Framingham Heart Study.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Article
- Depression in older adults with epilepsy: Pathophysiology and management considerations.Epilepsy & behavior : E&B · 2025Review
- The hidden burden: cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive reappraisal failure in memory clinic older adults.Brain imaging and behavior · 2025Article
- Differential impact of cerebral small vessel disease on thalamic regulation of anxiety: insights from 7T MRI.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Arterial stiffness and vascular aging: mechanisms, prevention, and therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Global, regional, and national burden of geriatric depressive disorders in people aged 60 years and older: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Annals of general psychiatry · 2025Article
- Article
- A predictive model for depression risk in individuals with hypertension: evidence from NHANES 2007-2020.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Peripheral Endothelial Dysfunction Is Associated With Incident Major Depressive Disorder.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe vascular depression hypothesis postulates that cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) leads to depressive symptoms by disruption of brain structures involved in mood regulation. However, longitudinal data on the association between CSVD and depressive symptoms are scarce. The authors investigated the association between CSVD and incident depressive symptoms.
methodLongitudinal data were taken from the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study of 1,949 participants free of dementia and without baseline depressive symptoms (mean age: 74.6 years [SD=4.6]; women, 56.6%). MRI markers of CSVD, detected at baseline (2002-2006) and follow-up (2007-2011), included white matter hyperintensity volume, subcortical infarcts, cerebral microbleeds, Virchow-Robin spaces, and total brain parenchyma volume. Incident depressive symptoms were defined by a score ≥6 on the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale and/or use of antidepressant medication.
resultsDepressive symptoms occurred in 10.1% of the participants. The association for a greater onset of depressive symptoms was significant for participants with 1 standard deviation increase in white matter hyperintensity volume over time, new subcortical infarcts, new Virchow-Robin spaces, 1 standard deviation lower total brain volume at baseline, and 1 standard deviation decreased total brain volume over time, after adjustments for cognitive function and sociodemographic and cardiovascular factors. Results were qualitatively similar when change in the Geriatric Depression Scale score over time was used as the outcome instead of incident depressive symptoms.
conclusionsMost markers of progression of CSVD over time and some markers of baseline CSVD are associated with concurrently developing new depressive symptoms. These findings support the vascular depression hypothesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.