ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2014
Low Multiplicity of HIV-1 Infection and No Vaccine Enhancement in VAX003 Injection Drug Users.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Application of the SLAPNAP statistical learning tool to broadly neutralizing antibody HIV prevention research.iScience · 2023Article
- Review
- Strategies for HIV-1 vaccines that induce broadly neutralizing antibodies.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2023Review
- Multiple Infection and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Superinfection Among Persons who Inject Drugs in Indonesia and Ukraine.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- HIV-1 Entry and Prospects for Protecting against Infection.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- A cross-sectional study to characterize local HIV-1 dynamics in Washington, DC using next-generation sequencing.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Characterization of the Transmitted Virus in an Ongoing HIV-1 Epidemic Driven by Injecting Drug Use.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2018Article
- HIV-1 and hepatitis C virus selection bottleneck in Chinese people who inject drugs.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Article
- Functional Antibody Response Against V1V2 and V3 of HIV gp120 in the VAX003 and VAX004 Vaccine Trials.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Sieve analysis of breakthrough HIV-1 sequences in HVTN 505 identifies vaccine pressure targeting the CD4 binding site of Env-gp120.PloS one · 2017Article
- Complex immune correlates of protection in HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials.Immunological reviews · 2017Review
- Use of Dried Blood Spots to Elucidate Full-Length Transmitted/Founder HIV-1 Genomes.Pathogens & immunity · 2016Article
- Deciphering Multiplicity of HIV-1C Infection: Transmission of Closely Related Multiple Viral Lineages.PloS one · 2016Article
- Worldwide Genetic Features of HIV-1 Env α4β7 Binding Motif: The Local Dissemination Impact of the LDI Tripeptide.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2015Article
- Incorporating founder virus information in vaccine field trials.Biometrics · 2015Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe performed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmitted/founder (T/F) virus analysis of the VAX003 vaccine efficacy trial participants to characterize the transmission bottleneck and test for vaccine-associated reduction or enhancement of infection in this injection drug user (IDU) cohort.
methodsWe performed single genome sequencing of plasma vRNA from 50 subjects sampled in early HIV infection. Sequences were analyzed phylogenetically, T/F viruses enumerated, and a sieve analysis performed.
resultsEight of 19 (42%) placebo recipients were productively infected by more than 1 virus (range 1-5, median 1, mean 1.7). This frequency of multiple virus transmission was greater than reported for heterosexual cohorts (19%, P = .03) but not statistically different from vaccine recipients (22.6%, P > .05), where the range was 1-3, median 1, and mean 1.3 (P > .05 for all comparisons). An atypical sieve effect was detected in Env V2 but was not associated with reduction or enhancement of virus acquisition.
conclusionsThe number of T/F viruses in IDUs was surprising low, with 95% of individuals infected by only 1-3 viruses. This finding suggests that a successful vaccine or other prevention modality generally needs to protect against only one or a few viruses regardless of risk behavior. T/F analysis identified an atypical genetic sieve in the V2 region of Envelope and found no evidence for vaccine-mediated enhancement in VAX003.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.