ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2014
Severe morbidity and mortality risk from malaria in the United States, 1985-2011.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of Plasmodium ovale curtisi and Plasmodium ovale wallikeri infections by a meta-analysis approach.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- Global prevalence and mortality of severe Plasmodium malariae infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Malaria journal · 2020Pooled it
- Severity and mortality of severe Plasmodium ovale infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2020Pooled it
- Respiratory Complications ofThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2017Pooled it
- An Increase in ImportedOpen forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Antimalarial cabamiquine inhibits blood-stage of different field isolates of Plasmodium species.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Cerebral malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax in an afrodescendant adult in Colombia: case report.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Towards Malaria Elimination: A Nationwide Case-Control Study to Assess Risk Factors for Severe Malaria-Related Deaths in Brazil.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2025Article
- Article
- Non-falciparum malaria infections in Uganda, does it matter? A review of the published literature.Malaria journal · 2024Review
- Evaluation of the Performance of Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Malaria Diagnosis and Mapping of DifferentInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Plasmodium ovale infection in Sri Lanka: distant exposure and incidental detection of hyperparasitemia: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2023Article
- Mechanism of Immune Evasion in Mosquito-Borne Diseases.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- MissedOpen forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Autoimmune Dysfunction Due to Severe Malaria.Cureus · 2022Article
- Malaria parasite species composition of Plasmodium infections among asymptomatic and symptomatic school-age children in rural and urban areas of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.Malaria journal · 2021Article
- Pentafluoro-3-hydroxy-pent-2-en-1-ones Potently Inhibit FNT-Type Lactate Transporters from all Five Human-Pathogenic Plasmodium Species.ChemMedChem · 2021Article
- Rapid Screening for Non-falciparum Malaria in Elimination Settings Using Multiplex Antigen and Antibody Detection: Post Hoc Identification of Plasmodium malariae in an Infant in Haiti.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2021Article
- Adaptive immunity selects against malaria infection blocking mutations.PLoS computational biology · 2020Article
- Heme on Pulmonary Malaria: Friend or Foe?Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRecent reports of Plasmodium vivax associated with severe syndromes and mortality from malaria endemic areas questions the "benign" course of non-falciparum malarias.
methodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from patients reported to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention with a diagnosis of malaria parasite single-species infection between 1985 and 2011. Patients classified as having severe illness were further classified according to outcome (survival versus death) and clinical syndrome.
resultsAmong all cases, .9% of Plasmodium falciparum cases resulted in death and 9.3% were classified as severe, whereas .09% of P. vivax cases resulted in death and 1.3% were classified as severe. The odds ratios for severe illness among 15 272 diagnoses of P. falciparum relative to patients diagnosed with P. vivax (n = 12 152), Plasmodium malariae (n = 1254), or Plasmodium ovale (n = 903) was 7.5, 5.7, and 5.0, respectively (P < .0001 for all); in contrast, the corresponding odds ratios for death among those severely ill was 1.6, 1.1, and .8 (P > .1 for all), respectively. Compared with P. vivax (n = 163), the odds of P. falciparum cases classified as severely ill (n = 1416) were 1.9 (P = .0006), .5 (P = .001), and 1.3 times (P = .1) as likely to present as cerebral, acute respiratory distress, and renal syndromes, respectively.
conclusionsAlthough less common, patients presenting with non-falciparum even in the United States can develop severe illness, and severe illness in patients having malaria of any species threatens life.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.