Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25734096›Full record

ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2014

Higher human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 subtype C proviral loads are associated with bronchiectasis in indigenous australians: results of a case-control study.

Lloyd Einsiedel, Olivier Cassar, Emma Goeman, Tim Spelman, Virginia Au, Saba Hatami, Sheela Joseph, Antoine Gessain

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. HTLV-1-associated diseases: a systematic review.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Lloyd EinsiedelNorthern Territory Rural Clinical School/Flinders University , Northern Territory of Australia , Australia ; SA Pathology, Adelaide , South Australia , Australia.
Olivier CassarInstitut Pasteur, Unité EPVO, Département de Virologie , F-75015 Paris , France ; CNRS, UMR 3569 , F-75015 Paris , France.
Emma GoemanDepartment of Paediatrics , Alice Springs Hospital, Northern Territory of Australia , Australia.
Tim SpelmanNorthern Territory Rural Clinical School/Flinders University , Northern Territory of Australia , Australia.
Virginia AuDepartment of Radiology , Flinders Medical Centre , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia.
Saba HatamiDepartment of Radiology , Flinders Medical Centre , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia.
Sheela JosephNorthern Territory Rural Clinical School/Flinders University , Northern Territory of Australia , Australia.
Antoine GessainInstitut Pasteur, Unité EPVO, Département de Virologie , F-75015 Paris , France ; CNRS, UMR 3569 , F-75015 Paris , France.
Flinders Medical Centre · AUFlinders University · AUInstitut Pasteur · FRAlice Springs Hospital · AUSouth Australia Pathology · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWe previously suggested that infection with the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) subtype C is associated with bronchiectasis among Indigenous Australians. Bronchiectasis might therefore result from an HTLV-1-mediated inflammatory process that is typically associated with a high HTLV-1 proviral load (PVL). Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 PVL have not been reported for Indigenous Australians.

methodsThirty-six Indigenous adults admitted with bronchiectasis from June 1, 2008, to December 31, 2009 were prospectively recruited and matched by age, sex, and ethno-geographic origin to 36 controls. Case notes and chest high-resolution computed tomographs were reviewed, and pulmonary injury scores were calculated. A PVL assay for the HTLV-1c subtype that infects Indigenous Australians was developed and applied to this study. Clinical, radiological, and virological parameters were compared between groups and according to HTLV-1 serostatus.

resultsHuman T-lymphotropic virus type 1 infection was the main predictor of bronchiectasis in a multivariable model (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 1.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-2.84; P = .006). Moreover, the median HTLV-1c PVL (interquartile range) for cases was >100-fold that of controls (cases, 0.319 [0.007, 0.749]; controls, 0.003 [0.000, 0.051] per 100 peripheral blood lymphocytes; P = .007), and HTLV-1c PVL were closely correlated with radiologically determined pulmonary injury scores (Spearman's rho = 0.7457; P = .0000). Other predictors of bronchiectasis were positive Strongyloides serology (aRR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.13-2.53) and childhood skin infections (aRR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.07-2.44). Bronchiectasis was the major predictor of death (aRR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.36-5.39; P = .004).

conclusionsThese data strongly support an etiological association between HTLV-1 infection and bronchiectasis in a socially disadvantaged population at risk of recurrent lower respiratory tract infections.

Indexed as

AustraliabronchiectasisHTLV-1HTLV-1 proviral loadIndigenouspulmonary diseaseStrongyloides stercoralis

Identifiers

PMID25734096
PMCPMC4324180
OpenAlexW2119929699

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.