ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2015
Mass spectrometry imaging reveals heterogeneous efavirenz distribution within putative HIV reservoirs.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02641444 (Antiretroviral Localization in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue and Lower Female Genital Tract Tissue of HIV+ Subjects), which is not on this map. Cited by 56 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Antiretroviral Localization in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue and Lower Female Genital Tract Tissue of HIV+ Subjects
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heterogeneous antiretroviral drug distribution and HIV/SHIV detection in the gut of three species.Science translational medicine · 2019Trial
- Predicting Efavirenz Concentrations in the Brain Tissue of HIV-Infected Individuals and Exploring their Relationship to Neurocognitive Impairment.Clinical and translational science · 2019Trial
- Tissue Pharmacologic and Virologic Determinants of Duodenal and Rectal Gastrointestinal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Immune Reconstitution in HIV-Infected Patients Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Trial
- Effects of Combined CCR5/Integrase Inhibitors-Based Regimen on Mucosal Immunity in HIV-Infected Patients Naïve to Antiretroviral Therapy: A Pilot Randomized Trial.PLoS pathogens · 2016Trial
- Advancing Antiviral Design: Integrating Natural Products, Computation and Targeted Delivery.Chemical biology & drug design · 2026Review
- Enhancing the Sensitivity of Mass Spectrometry Imaging through Spatial Signal Averaging.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2026Article
- First-line dolutegravir/lamivudine penetrates lymph nodes and reduces HIV reservoirs comparably to triple therapy.Research square · 2026Article
- Antibiotics accumulate inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Enhancing antiretroviral delivery to secondary lymph nodes by targeting CD169 + macrophages with HIV-mimicking nanoparticles.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Heterogeneous Antiretroviral Drug Exposure in Male and Female Genital Tract Tissues.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Anatomical, subset, and HIV-dependent expression of viral sensors and restriction factors.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Examining the effects of the HIV-1 protein Tat and morphine on antiretroviral accumulation and distribution within the brain.Clinical and translational science · 2024Article
- The relationship between gender and pharmacology.Current research in pharmacology and drug discovery · 2024Article
- Ongoing HIV replication in lymph node sanctuary sites in treated individuals contributes to the total latent HIV at a very slow rate.Journal of theoretical biology · 2023Article
- Application of infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for morphine imaging in brain tissue.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Sex Differences in Preclinical Pharmacology Research: How Far Is Left to Go?Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Establishing Novel Antiretroviral Imaging for Hair to Elucidate Nonadherence: Protocol for a Single-Arm Cross-sectional Study.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Biotransformation of Efavirenz and Proteomic Analysis of Cytochrome P450s and UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases in Mouse, Macaque, and Human Brain-Derived In Vitro Systems.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2023Article
- The development and application of matrix assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization: The teenage years.Mass spectrometry reviews · 2023Review
- Quantitative Imaging Analysis of the Spatial Relationship between Antiretrovirals, Reverse Transcriptase Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus RNA, and Fibrosis in the Spleens of Nonhuman Primates.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Persistent HIV replication within active viral reservoirs may be caused by inadequate antiretroviral penetration. Here, we used mass spectrometry imaging with infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption-electrospray ionization to quantify the distribution of efavirenz within tissues from a macaque dosed orally to a steady state. Intratissue efavirenz distribution was heterogeneous, with the drug concentrating in the lamina propria of the colon, the primary follicles of lymph nodes, and the brain gray matter. These are the first imaging data of an antiretroviral drug in active viral reservoirs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.