SynthesisThe Journal of nutrition2015
Dietary sodium reduction does not affect circulating glucose concentrations in fasting children or adults: findings from a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in The Journal of nutrition, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary Sodium Intake and Health Indicators: A Systematic Review of Published Literature between January 2015 and December 2019.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Prevention and Therapy of Type 2 Diabetes-What Is the Potential of Daily Water Intake and Its Mineral Nutrients?Nutrients · 2017Pooled it
- DASH4D diet for glycemic control and glucose variability in type 2 diabetes: a randomized crossover trial.Nature medicine · 2025Trial
- Influence of Dietary Salt Intake on T2D Treatment.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Trial
- A Lower Sodium Neapolitan Pizza Prepared with Seawater in Place of Salt: Nutritional Properties, Sensory Characteristics, and Metabolic Effects.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- The Relationship Between Dietary Sodium Intake and Cognitive Function: A Narrative Review.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Design of the Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) Study in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension for Diabetes Trial (DASH4D-CGM).Contemporary clinical trials · 2025Article
- Dietary patterns associated with the incidence of hypertension among adult Japanese males: application of machine learning to a cohort study.European journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Sodium - a systematic review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023.Food & nutrition research · 2024Review
- Initiatives to Reduce the Content of Sodium in Food Products and Meals and Improve the Population's Health.Nutrients · 2023Review
- The effect of a low versus high sodium diet on blood pressure in diabetic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.Food science & nutrition · 2023Review
- Dietary intake of sodium by children: Why it matters.Paediatrics & child health · 2020Review
- Association between Dietary Sodium Intake and Cognitive Function in Older Adults.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2017Article
- Dietary Sodium and Cardiovascular Disease Risk--Measurement Matters.The New England journal of medicine · 2016Article
- Low Salt Diet and Insulin Resistance.Clinical nutrition research · 2016Review
- Problems with the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans:Missouri medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough evidence shows that reduced sodium intake lowers blood pressure, some studies suggest that sodium reduction may adversely affect insulin resistance and glucose tolerance.
objectivesThe objectives were to assess the effects of sodium reduction on glucose tolerance, evaluate strengths and weaknesses of the relevant scientific literature, and provide direction for future research.
methodsWe searched The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science through August 2014. Both randomized and nonrandomized intervention trials were included in our meta-analyses. The effects of sodium reduction on glucose tolerance were evaluated in 37 articles, but because of a lack of comparable data, 8 trials were excluded from the meta-analyses.
resultsParticipants were 10-79 y old, either primarily healthy or with hypertension. In meta-analyses of 20 randomized, crossover trials (n = 504 participants) and 9 nonrandomized crossover trials (n = 337), circulating glucose concentrations of fasting participants were not affected by reduction in sodium intake. In contrast, in meta-analyses of 19 of the 20 randomized, crossover trials (n = 494), fasting insulin concentrations were 9.53 pmol/L higher (95% CI: 5.04, 14.02 pmol/L higher) with sodium reduction. In 9 nonrandomized trials (n = 337), fasting insulin did not differ with reduced sodium intake. Results differed little when the analyses were restricted to studies with a low risk of bias and duration of ≥7 d.
conclusionsThis meta-analysis revealed no evidence that, in trials with a short intervention and large reductions in sodium, circulating glucose concentrations differed between groups. Recommendations for future studies include extending intervention durations, ensuring comparability of groups at baseline through randomization, and assessing sodium intakes relevant to population sodium reduction. In addition, analyses on other metabolic variables were limited because of the number of trials reporting these outcomes and lack of consistency across measures, suggesting a need for comparable measures of glucose tolerance across studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.