Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25732785›Full record

ArticleBrain stimulation

Pairing Speech Sounds With Vagus Nerve Stimulation Drives Stimulus-specific Cortical Plasticity.

Crystal T Engineer, Navzer D Engineer, Jonathan R Riley, Jonathan D Seale, Michael P Kilgard

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Brain stimulation. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
59citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

59 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Auditory processing in rodent models of autism: a systematic review.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2022
    Pooled it
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  7. Aging in the Primary Auditory Cortex.Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO · 2026
    Review
  8. Article
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  10. Mechanism and Applications of Vagus Nerve Stimulation.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Crystal T EngineerSchool of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road GR41, Richardson, TX 75080, USA. Electronic address: novitski@utdallas.edu.
Navzer D EngineerSchool of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road GR41, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; MicroTransponder Inc., 2802 Flintrock Trace Suite 225, Austin, TX 78738, USA.
Jonathan R RileySchool of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road GR41, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
Jonathan D SealeSchool of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road GR41, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
Michael P KilgardSchool of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road GR41, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road EC39, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
The University of Texas at Dallas · US

Funding

Targeted Neural Plasticity for the Treatment of TinnitusR44DC010084 · NIDCD · MICROTRANSPONDER, INC. · PI ENGINEER, NAVZER, KILGARD, MICHAEL P · 2010 to 2011
$2.1M
Vagus Nerve Stimulation Paired with Rehabilitative Training to Enhance PlasticityR01NS085167 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS DALLAS · PI KILGARD, MICHAEL P, RENNAKER, ROBERT L · 2014 to 2018
$1.9M
Animal Model of Speech Sound Processing in AutismR01DC010433 · NIDCD · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS DALLAS · PI KILGARD, MICHAEL P · 2010 to 2014
$1.4M
A Novel Adjunct to Physical Training to Improve Motor Recovery Following StrokeR43NS084566 · NINDS · MICROTRANSPONDER, INC. · PI ENGINEER, NAVZER, KILGARD, MICHAEL P · 2013 to 2013
$225k
NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC010433NIDCD NIH HHS R01DC010433NIDCD NIH HHS R44 DC010084NIDCD NIH HHS R44DC010084NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS085167NINDS NIH HHS R43 NS084566NINDS NIH HHS R43NS084566
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIndividuals with communication disorders, such as aphasia, exhibit weak auditory cortex responses to speech sounds and language impairments. Previous studies have demonstrated that pairing vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) with tones or tone trains can enhance both the spectral and temporal processing of sounds in auditory cortex, and can be used to reverse pathological primary auditory cortex (A1) plasticity in a rodent model of chronic tinnitus. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: We predicted that pairing VNS with speech sounds would strengthen the A1 response to the paired speech sounds.

methodsThe speech sounds 'rad' and 'lad' were paired with VNS three hundred times per day for twenty days. A1 responses to both paired and novel speech sounds were recorded 24 h after the last VNS pairing session in anesthetized rats. Response strength, latency and neurometric decoding were compared between VNS speech paired and control rats.

resultsOur results show that VNS paired with speech sounds strengthened the auditory cortex response to the paired sounds, but did not strengthen the amplitude of the response to novel speech sounds. Responses to the paired sounds were faster and less variable in VNS speech paired rats compared to control rats. Neural plasticity that was specific to the frequency, intensity, and temporal characteristics of the paired speech sounds resulted in enhanced neural detection.

conclusionVNS speech sound pairing provides a novel method to enhance speech sound processing in the central auditory system. Delivery of VNS during speech therapy could improve outcomes in individuals with receptive language deficits.

Indexed as

PhoneticsVagus Nerve StimulationAcoustic StimulationAnimalsAuditory CortexFemaleHearing DisordersHumansNeuronal PlasticityRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySpeech DisordersPlasticityPrimary auditory cortexSpeechVagal nerve stimulation

Identifiers

PMID25732785
PMCPMC4461522
OpenAlexW1997981744

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.