ArticleHuman nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.)2015
Different selection pressures give rise to distinct ethnic phenomena : a functionalist framework with illustrations from the Peruvian Altiplano.
Article in Human nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Reasoning About Cultural and Genetic Transmission: Developmental and Cross-Cultural Evidence From Peru, Fiji, and the United States on How People Make Inferences About Trait Transmission.Topics in cognitive science · 2015Trial
- Perceived inequality and variability in the expression of parochial altruism.Evolutionary human sciences · 2025Article
- Distinguishing Intergroup and Long-Distance Relationships.Human nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.) · 2022Review
- Strategic identity signaling in heterogeneous networks.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Ethnic Markers without Ethnic Conflict : Why do Interdependent Masikoro, Mikea, and Vezo of Madagascar Signal their Ethnic Differences?Human nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.) · 2021Article
- Opportunities for Interaction : Natural Observations of Children's Social Behavior in Five Societies.Human nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.) · 2021Article
- The Role of Language in Structuring Social Networks Following Market Integration in a Yucatec Maya Population.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Language as a marker of ethnic identity among the Yucatec Maya.Evolutionary human sciences · 2020Article
- Inter-group cooperation in humans and other animals.Biology letters · 2017Review
- Risk buffering and resource access shape valuation of out-group strangers.Scientific reports · 2016Article
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Abstract
Many accounts of ethnic phenomena imply that processes such as stereotyping, essentialism, ethnocentrism, and intergroup hostility stem from a unitary adaptation for reasoning about groups. This is partly justified by the phenomena's co-occurrence in correlational studies. Here we argue that these behaviors are better modeled as functionally independent adaptations that arose in response to different selection pressures throughout human evolution. As such, different mechanisms may be triggered by different group boundaries within a single society. We illustrate this functionalist framework using ethnographic work from the Quechua-Aymara language boundary in the Peruvian Altiplano. We show that different group boundaries motivate different ethnic phenomena. For example, people have strong stereotypes about socioeconomic categories, which are not cooperative units, whereas they hold fewer stereotypes about communities, which are the primary focus of cooperative activity. We also show that, despite the cross-cultural importance of ethnolinguistic boundaries, the Quechua-Aymara linguistic distinction does not strongly motivate any of these intergroup processes.
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