Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25731881›Full record

ReviewBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2015

Assessment and management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.

Helen C Kales, Laura N Gitlin, Constantine G Lyketsos

5 registry-linked trialsAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 499 papers, 15 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
499citing papers in PubMed, 15 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04236557 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Individualized Music Playlist Based on ISO-Principle for De-escalating Agitation of People Living With Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityRan2022 to 2023Enrolled24ConditionsDementiaArmsMusic listening, Audio Book Listening
NCT04436081 phase2recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Effects of THC-Free CBD Oil on Agitation in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease

TypeinterventionalSponsorEastern Virginia Medical SchoolRan2021 to 2024Enrolled40ConditionsAlzheimer Disease, Dementia, Major Neurocognitive Disorder With Aggressive BehaviorArmsTHC-free CBD Oil, Placebo
NCT05265182 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Developing an Immersive Gamification Technology System (ImGTS) for the Management of Patients With Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (Phase 1 Trial)

TypeinterventionalSponsorAugmented eXperience E-health LaboratoryRan2022 to 2022Enrolled30ConditionsDementia AlzheimersArmsvirtual reality
NCT07305415 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Integrative Therapeutic Programme to Regulate Expressed Emotions Among Informal Caregivers of People With Dementia: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorThe University of Hong KongRan2025 to 2027Enrolled56ConditionsBPSD (Behavioral and Psycological Symptoms of Dementia), Expressed Emotion, Depressive Symptom, Caregiving StressArmsCaregivers Of dementia Processing Emotions (COPE)
NCT07690280 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

A Web-Based Psychoeducation and Symptom-Monitoring Program to Enhance Dementia Caregiver Self-Efficacy in Managing BPSD

TypeinterventionalSponsorLotung Poh-Ai HospitalRan2026 to 2027Enrolled80ConditionsDementiaArmsWeb-Based Psychoeducation and Symptom-Monitoring Program
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

499 citing papers in PubMed, 15 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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439 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Helen C KalesSection of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA kales@umich.edu.
Laura N GitlinDepartment of Community Public Health, School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA Center for Innovative Care in Aging, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Constantine G LyketsosDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bayview and Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Funding

'T V ASSESSMENT - MEMORY DISORDERED PATIENTS'P50AG005146 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI ALBERT, MARILYN S. · 1985 to 2019
$37.6M
An Innovative Caregiver Tool to Assess and Manage Behavioral Symptoms of DementiaR01NR014200 · NINR · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI GITLIN, LAURA N., KALES, HELEN C · 2012 to 2015
$1.6M
NIA NIH HHS P50AG005146NINR NIH HHS R01 NR014200NINR NIH HHS R01NR014200
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia include agitation, depression, apathy, repetitive questioning, psychosis, aggression, sleep problems, wandering, and a variety of inappropriate behaviors. One or more of these symptoms will affect nearly all people with dementia over the course of their illness. These symptoms are among the most complex, stressful, and costly aspects of care, and they lead to a myriad of poor patient health outcomes, healthcare problems, and income loss for family care givers. The causes include neurobiologically related disease factors; unmet needs; care giver factors; environmental triggers; and interactions of individual, care giver, and environmental factors. The complexity of these symptoms means that there is no "one size fits all solution," and approaches tailored to the patient and the care giver are needed. Non-pharmacologic approaches should be used first line, although several exceptions are discussed. Non-pharmacologic approaches with the strongest evidence base involve family care giver interventions. Regarding pharmacologic treatments, antipsychotics have the strongest evidence base, although the risk to benefit ratio is a concern. An approach to integrating non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatments is described. Finally, the paradigm shift needed to fully institute tailored treatments for people and families dealing with these symptoms in the community is discussed.

Indexed as

AggressionApathyDementiaDepressionHumansPsychomotor AgitationPsychotic DisordersSleep Wake DisordersWandering Behavior

Identifiers

PMID25731881
PMCPMC4707529

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.