ReviewCold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology2015
Conscious and unconscious memory systems.
Review in Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 125 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
125 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The relationship between childhood interpersonal and non-interpersonal trauma and autobiographical memory: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Pooled it
- Neuroanatomical and psychological considerations in temporal lobe epilepsy.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2022Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Dietary Choline Impact on Cognition from a Psychobiological Approach: Insights from Animal Studies.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Procedural Learning in Individuals with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Dementia: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Neuropsychology review · 2021Pooled it
- Preferential Consolidation of Emotional Memory During Sleep: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Pooled it
- Exploring Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Delirium in Noncardiac Surgery Using MRI: A Systematic Review.Neural plasticity · 2018Pooled it
- Midazolam and Ketamine Produce Distinct Neural Changes in Memory, Pain, and Fear Networks during Pain.Anesthesiology · 2021Trial
- A single cortical circuit implements fast and slow visual search.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- From Personalization to Therapeutic Continuity: Framework for Memory in AI-Powered Mental Health Systems.JMIR AI · 2026Article
- Beyond 'Baby Brain': Memory and Sleep Health During Pregnancy-A Biopsychosocial Perspective.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Caffeine expectancy, explicit and implicit memory performance among female nursing students: a placebo-controlled quasi-experimental study.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Postoperative Impairment of GluA2 Ttrafficking in CA3 Induces Memory Consolidation Deficits in Aged Mice by Disrupting SPW-R in CA1.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026Article
- Life Kinetics Training as a Multimodal Neurocognitive Intervention: Enhances Cognitive and Motor Performance in Badminton Athletes.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A depression-like phenotype is associated with discrete defects in the primary hippocampal circuit.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- From Feedback-Learning to Semantic Memory: Can Feedback-Related Brain Activity Predict Object-Word Associations?Psychophysiology · 2026Article
- Multimodal MRI Reveals Brain Structural Differences and Executive Dysfunction in Early Methamphetamine Abstinence.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Dentate gyrus and CA3 activity mediates light-tone second-order conditioning expression in mice.iScience · 2026Article
- Visualization and simulation of full-scale point-neuron circuits via the Neural Circuit Visualizer web platform.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Synapse types are spatially associated with regional hemodynamics in the mouse brain.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Development and validation of a risk prediction model for mild cognitive impairment in older Chinese adults with chronic diseases.BMC geriatrics · 2026Observational
65 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The idea that memory is not a single mental faculty has a long and interesting history but became a topic of experimental and biologic inquiry only in the mid-20th century. It is now clear that there are different kinds of memory, which are supported by different brain systems. One major distinction can be drawn between working memory and long-term memory. Long-term memory can be separated into declarative (explicit) memory and a collection of nondeclarative (implicit) forms of memory that include habits, skills, priming, and simple forms of conditioning. These memory systems depend variously on the hippocampus and related structures in the parahippocampal gyrus, as well as on the amygdala, the striatum, cerebellum, and the neocortex. This work recounts the discovery of declarative and nondeclarative memory and then describes the nature of declarative memory, working memory, nondeclarative memory, and the relationship between memory systems.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.