Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25727578›Full record

ArticleJournal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus2015

Binocular iPad treatment for amblyopia in preschool children.

Eileen E Birch, Simone L Li, Reed M Jost, Sarah E Morale, Angie De La Cruz, David Stager, Lori Dao, David R Stager

4 registry-linked trialsOpen access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 78 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
78citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
11.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02995174 nacompletednot on this map

Will Perceptual Learning Via Video Game Playing Improve Visual Acuity, Stereopsis and Fixation Stability in Mild Amblyopes? Part 2 Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityRan2015 to 2018Enrolled23ConditionsAmblyopiaArmsDichoptic video game in an i-Pod touch device, Video game in an i-Pod touch device
NCT05114252 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Stereoptic Serious Games as a Visual Rehabilitation Tool for Individuals With Residual Amblyopia: A Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial - AMBlyopia and stEReoptic Games for Vision

TypeinterventionalSponsorPawel Matusz, PhDRan2022 to 2024Enrolled30ConditionsAmblyopia, HealthyArmsVivid Vision Home, Refractive error correction
NCT05620173 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

'Validation and Development of New Dichoptic VR-gaming Method to Treat Childhood Amblyopia; Vedea Amblyopia Therapy (VAT)

TypeinterventionalSponsorVedea Healthware BVRan2023 to 2024Enrolled74ConditionsAmblyopia, Anisometropic, Amblyopia Strabismic, AmblyopiaArmsVedea Amblyopia Therapy (VAT), Occlusion therapy
NCT06150391 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Randomized Controlled Trial of a Dichoptic Gabor Videogame Program to Improve Visual Function in Children With Amblyopia

TypeinterventionalSponsorHospital de MeridaRan2023 to 2024Enrolled120ConditionsAmblyopiaArmsVisionary: computer exercises using dichoptic Gabor Patches and band-filtered noise masks, Patching
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

78 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 176 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Guideline
  3. Guideline
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Randomised trial of three treatments for amblyopia: Vision therapy and patching, perceptual learning and patching alone.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025
    Trial
  7. Patch-free streaming contrast-rebalanced dichoptic cartoons versus patching for treatment of amblyopia in children aged 3 to 5 years: a pilot, randomized clinical trial.Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus · 2024
    Trial
  8. Trial
  9. Trial
  10. Barriers to successful dichoptic treatment for amblyopia in young children.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2021
    Trial
  11. Trial
  12. A pilot randomized trial of contrast-rebalanced binocular treatment for deprivation amblyopia.Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus · 2020
    Trial
  13. A randomized clinical trial of contrast increment protocols for binocular amblyopia treatment.Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus · 2020
    Trial
  14. Trial
  15. Trial
  16. Trial
  17. Trial
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Eileen E BirchCrystal Charity Ball Pediatric Vision Evaluation Center, Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. Electronic address: ebirch@retinafoundation.org.
Simone L LiCrystal Charity Ball Pediatric Vision Evaluation Center, Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas.
Reed M JostCrystal Charity Ball Pediatric Vision Evaluation Center, Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas.
Sarah E MoraleCrystal Charity Ball Pediatric Vision Evaluation Center, Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas.
Angie De La CruzCrystal Charity Ball Pediatric Vision Evaluation Center, Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas.
David StagerPediatric Ophthalmology & Adult Strabismus, Plano, Texas.
Lori DaoPediatric Ophthalmology & Adult Strabismus, Plano, Texas.
David R StagerPediatric Ophthalmology & Adult Strabismus, Dallas, Texas.
Retina Foundation of the Southwest · USAdult and Pediatric Dermatology · US

Funding

Binocular Vision, Amblyopia, and Refractive Development in EsotropiaR01EY022313 · NEI · RETINA FOUNDATION OF THE SOUTHWEST · PI Eileen Elizabeth Birch · 2012 to 2026
$7.0M
NEI NIH HHS EY022313NEI NIH HHS R01 EY022313
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRecent experimental evidence supports a role for binocular visual experience in the treatment of amblyopia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether repeated binocular visual experience with dichoptic iPad games could effectively treat amblyopia in preschool children.

methodsA total of 50 consecutive amblyopic preschool children 3-6.9 years of age were assigned to play sham iPad games (first 5 children) or binocular iPad games (n = 45) for at least 4 hours per week for 4 weeks. Thirty (67%) children in the binocular iPad group and 4 (80%) in the sham iPad group were also treated with patching at a different time of day. Visual acuity and stereoacuity were assessed at baseline, at 4 weeks, and at 3 months after the cessation of game play.

resultsThe sham iPad group had no significant improvement in visual acuity (t4 = 0.34, P = 0.75). In the binocular iPad group, mean visual acuity (plus or minus standard error) improved from 0.43 ± 0.03 at baseline to 0.34 ± 0.03 logMAR at 4 weeks (n = 45; paired t44 = 4.93; P < 0.0001). Stereoacuity did not significantly improve (t44 = 1.35, P = 0.18). Children who played the binocular iPad games for ≥8 hours (≥50% compliance) had significantly more visual acuity improvement than children who played 0-4 hours (t43 = 4.21, P = 0.0001).

conclusionsRepeated binocular experience, provided by dichoptic iPad game play, was more effective than sham iPad game play as a treatment for amblyopia in preschool children.

Indexed as

Computers, HandheldVideo GamesAmblyopiaChildChild, PreschoolDepth PerceptionFemaleHumansMaleVision, BinocularVisual Acuity

Identifiers

PMID25727578
PMCPMC4346708
OpenAlexW2041136085

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.