ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2015
Financial incentives for smoking cessation in pregnancy: a single-arm intervention study assessing cessation and gaming.
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Financial incentives for smoking cessation among (expectant) parents: a systematic review of facilitators and barriers to implementation.Tobacco control · 2026Pooled it
- Incentives for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Incentives for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Use and effectiveness of behavioural economics in interventions for lifestyle risk factors of non-communicable diseases: a systematic review with policy implications.Perspectives in public health · 2018Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Smartphone-based financial incentives to promote smoking cessation during pregnancy: A pilot study.Preventive medicine · 2020Trial
- Smoke-Free Moms: Financial Rewards for Smoking Cessation by Low-Income Rural Pregnant Women.American journal of preventive medicine · 2019Trial
- Progesterone and Postpartum Smoking Relapse: A Pilot Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016Trial
- How and why do financial incentives contribute to helping people stop smoking? A realist review.BMC public health · 2024Review
- Lottery incentives for smoking cessation at the workplace: design and protocol of the smoke-free lottery - a cluster randomized trial.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Bupropion for postpartum smoking relapse: A remote protocol for a two-arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2021Article
- Reducing tobacco use among women of childbearing age: Contributions of tobacco regulatory science and tobacco control.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2020Review
- Voucher-Based Contingency Management is Efficacious but Underutilized in Treating Addictions.Perspectives on behavior science · 2019Article
- A multicomponent behavioral intervention for smoking cessation during pregnancy: a nonconcurrent multiple-baseline design.Translational behavioral medicine · 2019Article
- Addressing Postpartum Smoking Relapse Among Low-Income Women: A Randomized Control Trial.Journal of patient-centered research and reviews · 2019Article
- Medicaid Incentives for Preventing Chronic Disease: Effects of Financial Incentives for Smoking Cessation.Health services research · 2018Article
- Contingency management interventions for tobacco and other substance use disorders in pregnancy.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2017Review
- Financial Incentives Alone Versus Incentivized Partner Support for Promoting Smoking Cessation During Pregnancy and Postpartum: Protocol for a Non-Randomized Single-Blinded Study.JMIR research protocols · 2017Article
- Some Recent Developments on Financial Incentives for Smoking Cessation Among Pregnant and Newly Postpartum Women.Current addiction reports · 2016Article
- Comparison of nicotine dependence indicators in predicting quitting among pregnant smokers.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2016Article
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Funding
Abstract
aimsFinancial incentives were the single most effective intervention for smoking cessation in pregnancy in a recent Cochrane Review, but based on a few small trials in the United States using only 7-day point prevalence measures of cessation. This study estimates (a) prolonged cessation in an unselected population of English pregnant smokers who are offered financial incentives for quitting and (b) 'gaming', i.e. false reporting of smoking status to enter the scheme or gain an incentive.
designSingle-arm intervention study
settingAntenatal clinic and community
participantsA total of 239 pregnant smokers enrolled into the financial incentive scheme, attending for maternity care at one hospital in an area of high deprivation in England over a 42-week period. MEASUREMENTS: Smoking cessation at delivery and 6 months postpartum, assessed using salivary cotinine; gaming assessed using urinary and salivary cotinine at enrolment, 28 and 36 weeks gestation, and 2 days and 6 months postpartum.
findingsThirty-nine per cent (239 of 615) of smokers were enrolled into the scheme, 60% (143 of 239) of whom made a quit attempt. Of those enrolled, 20% [48 of 239; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 14.9%, 25.1%] were quit at delivery and 10% (25 of 239; 95% CI = 6.2%, 13.8%) at 6 months postpartum. There was no evidence that women gamed to enter the scheme, but evidence that 4% (10 of 239) of those enrolled gamed on one or more occasions to gain vouchers.
conclusionsEnrolment on an incentive scheme in an unselected English cohort of pregnant smokers was associated with prolonged cessation rates comparable to those reported in US trials. Rates of gaming were arguably insufficiently high to invalidate the use of such schemes.
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