Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25727231›Full record

ReviewNeurosurgical focus2015

Therapeutic strategies to improve drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier.

Tej D Azad, James Pan, Ian D Connolly, Austin Remington, Christy M Wilson, Gerald A Grant

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Neurosurgical focus, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
48citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
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  7. Article
  8. Delivering CRISPR to the HIV-1 reservoirs.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Aquaporins in Nervous System.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023
    Article
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  14. Article
  15. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Tej D AzadDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
James Pan
Ian D Connolly
Austin Remington
Christy M Wilson
Gerald A Grant

Funding

Modulation of the Blood-Tumor Barrier Through Targeted Suppression of Claudin 5K08NS075144 · NINDS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI GRANT, GERALD ARTHUR · 2011 to 2015
$641k
NINDS NIH HHS 7K08NS075144-04NINDS NIH HHS K08 NS075144
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Resection of brain tumors is followed by chemotherapy and radiation to ablate remaining malignant cell populations. Targeting these populations stands to reduce tumor recurrence and offer the promise of more complete therapy. Thus, improving access to the tumor, while leaving normal brain tissue unscathed, is a critical pursuit. A central challenge in this endeavor lies in the limited delivery of therapeutics to the tumor itself. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is responsible for much of this difficulty but also provides an essential separation from systemic circulation. Due to the BBB's physical and chemical constraints, many current therapies, from cytotoxic drugs to antibody-based proteins, cannot gain access to the tumor. This review describes the characteristics of the BBB and associated changes wrought by the presence of a tumor. Current strategies for enhancing the delivery of therapies across the BBB to the tumor will be discussed, with a distinction made between strategies that seek to disrupt the BBB and those that aim to circumvent it.

Indexed as

Drug Delivery SystemsAnimalsAntineoplastic AgentsBlood-Brain BarrierBrain NeoplasmsHumansAntineoplastic AgentsABC = ATP-binding cassetteAQP4 = aquaporin-4BBB = blood-brain barrierblood-brain barrierCED = convection-enhanced deliveryconvection-enhanced deliveryECM = extracellular matrixfocused ultrasoundFUS = focused ultrasoundP-glycoproteinP-gp = P-glycoproteinWGA = wheat germ agglutininZO = zona occludens

Identifiers

PMID25727231
PMCPMC4493051

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.