ReviewSteroids2015
Epidemiologic studies of estrogen metabolism and breast cancer.
Review in Steroids, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- The prevalence and clinicopathological features of breast cancer patients with hepatitis B virus infection in China.Oncotarget · 2017Pooled it
- A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of diindolylmethane for breast cancer biomarker modulation in patients taking tamoxifen.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2017Trial
- Circulating Estrogen Metabolites and Risk of Breast Cancer among Postmenopausal Women in the Nurses' Health Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Estrogens and breast cancer.Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2025Review
- Dietary patterns related to biological mechanisms and survival after breast cancer diagnosis: results from a cohort study.British journal of cancer · 2023Article
- Nutraceutical-Based Nanoformulations for Breast and Ovarian Cancer Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Oncobiology and treatment of breast cancer in young women.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2022Review
- Associations of established breast cancer risk factors with urinary estrogens in postmenopausal women.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2022Article
- Endogenous estrogens-breast cancer and chemoprevention.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2021Review
- Cancer Progress and Priorities: Breast Cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2021Review
- Markers of Local and Systemic Estrogen Metabolism in Endometriosis.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2021Article
- A Metabolomics Analysis of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk in the Cancer Prevention Study II.Metabolites · 2021Article
- LC-HRMS of derivatized urinary estrogens and estrogen metabolites in postmenopausal women.Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences · 2020Article
- Urinary Estrogen Metabolites and Long-Term Mortality Following Breast Cancer.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2020Article
- Toward a Standardized Strategy of Clinical Metabolomics for the Advancement of Precision Medicine.Metabolites · 2020Review
- Phosphorylation of human placental aromatase CYP19A1.The Biochemical journal · 2019Article
- Pro-apoptotic and anti-angiogenic actions of 2-methoxyestradiol and docosahexaenoic acid, the biologically derived active compounds from flaxseed diet, in preventing ovarian cancer.Journal of ovarian research · 2019Article
- Direct and indirect associations between dietary magnesium intake and breast cancer risk.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Estrogen metabolism in menopausal hormone users in the women's health initiative observational study: Does it differ between estrogen plus progestin and estrogen alone?International journal of cancer · 2019Observational
- Cytotoxicity Of Chalcone OfAdvances and applications in bioinformatics and chemistry : AABC · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Early epidemiologic studies of estrogen metabolism measured only 2-hydroxyestrone and 16α-hydroxyestrone and relied on direct enzyme immunoassays without purification steps. Eight breast cancer studies have used these assays with prospectively collected blood or urine samples. Results were inconsistent, and generally not statistically significant; but the assays had limited specificity, especially at the low concentrations characteristic of postmenopausal women. To facilitate continued testing in population-based studies of the multiple laboratory-based hypotheses about the roles of estrogen metabolites, a novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay was developed to measure concurrently all 15 estrogens and estrogen metabolites in human serum and urine, as unconjugated and total (glucuronidated+sulfated+unconjugated) concentrations. The assay has high sensitivity (lower limit of quantitation ∼1-2 pmol/L), reproducibility (coefficients of variation generally ⩽5%), and accuracy. Three prospective studies utilizing this comprehensive assay have demonstrated that enhanced 2-hydroxylation of parent estrogens (estrone+estradiol) is associated with reduced risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. In the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) cohort, the serum ratio of 2-hydroxylation pathway metabolites to parent estrogens was associated with a 28% reduction in breast cancer risk across extreme deciles (p-trend=.05), after adjusting for unconjugated estradiol and breast cancer risk factors. Incorporating this ratio into a risk prediction model already including unconjugated estradiol improved absolute risk estimates substantially (by ⩾14%) in 36% of the women, an encouraging result that needs replication. Additional epidemiologic studies of the role of estrogen metabolism in the etiology of hormone-related diseases and continued improvement of estrogen metabolism assays are justified.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.