ArticleJournal of gastroenterology2015
Migration of splenic lymphocytes promotes liver fibrosis through modification of T helper cytokine balance in mice.
Article in Journal of gastroenterology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolically and epigenetically reprogrammed splenic TRNP1Nature genetics · 2026Article
- Article
- Broadening Horizons: Exploring mtDAMPs as a Mechanism and Potential Intervention Target in Cardiovascular Diseases.Aging and disease · 2023Review
- The spleen as a possible source of serine protease inhibitors and migrating monocytes required for liver regeneration after 70% resection in mice.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Article
- The spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK): A crucial therapeutic target for diverse liver diseases.Heliyon · 2022Review
- Spleen: Reparative Regeneration and Influence on Liver.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Extrahepatic factors in hepatic immune regulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Article
- Organ-organ communication: The liver's perspective.Theranostics · 2021Review
- Structure and surgical dissection layers of the bare area of the liver.BMC surgery · 2020Article
- Dendritic cells trigger imbalance of Th1/Th2 cells in silica dust exposure rat modelRSC advances · 2018Article
- Host Immunological Effects of Partial Splenic Embolization in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis.Journal of immunology research · 2018Article
- Expression of programmed death-1 and its ligands in the liver of biliary atresia.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2017Article
- A novel three-dimensional culture system maintaining the physiological extracellular matrix of fibrotic model livers accelerates progression of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Spleen contributes to restraint stress induced changes in blood leukocytes distribution.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- The spleen in liver cirrhosis: revisiting an old enemy with novel targets.Journal of translational medicine · 2017Review
- Protective role of spleen-derived macrophages in lung inflammation, injury, and fibrosis induced by nitrogen mustard.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2015Article
- Nitric oxide in liver fibrosis: The role of inducible nitric oxide synthase.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSustained liver injury causes liver fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of liver fibrosis and interventions in the fibrotic process is crucial for improving the prognosis of patients with chronic liver diseases. Although studies have shown that splenectomy suppresses liver fibrosis, the mechanism by which this occurs is poorly understood. The present study focuses on the immunological functions of the spleen to investigate its role in liver fibrosis.
methodsBALB/c and severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice underwent splenectomies or sham operations prior to induction of liver fibrosis with carbon tetrachloride or thioacetamide.
resultsSirius red staining and hydroxyproline assays showed that splenectomy suppressed liver fibrogenesis in BALB/c mice. Reverse transcription PCR analysis of T helper type 1 (Th1) and T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines demonstrated that splenectomy shifted the Th1/Th2 balance in the liver towards Th1 dominance. In SCID mice, the inhibitory effect on liver fibrosis was abrogated. The number of CD4(+) T helper lymphocytes in the spleen decreased after liver injury. Green fluorescent protein positive (GFP(+)) splenocytes were transplanted into the spleens of syngeneic wild-type mice to trace their destination after fibrosis induction. GFP(+)CD4(+) lymphocytes appeared in the liver after induction of fibrosis, and flow cytometry revealed the vast majority of them were Th2 lymphocytes. Transfer of splenocytes via the portal vein into syngeneic splenectomized mice cancelled the suppressive effect of splenectomy on liver fibrosis.
conclusionsThe present study demonstrated that Th2-dominant splenic lymphocytes migrate into the liver and promote liver fibrosis by shifting the cytokine balance towards Th2 dominance. Splenectomy suppresses the progression of fibrosis at least partly by restoring the Th1/Th2 balance.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.