ReviewMolecular and cellular endocrinology2015
Brain GLP-1 and insulin sensitivity.
Review in Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Combined with Metformin Versus Metformin Alone in the Management of PCOS: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2025Pooled it
- Utility of Neuronal-Derived Exosomes to Examine Molecular Mechanisms That Affect Motor Function in Patients With Parkinson Disease: A Secondary Analysis of the Exenatide-PD Trial.JAMA neurology · 2019Trial
- Fasting gut hormone levels following long-term recovery from Anorexia Nervosa: A cross-sectional study.Journal of eating disorders · 2026Article
- EndoCompass Project: Research Roadmap for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2025Review
- Incretin-Based Therapies: A Promising Approach for Modulating Oxidative Stress and Insulin Resistance in Sarcopenia.Journal of bone metabolism · 2024Article
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for treatment of diabetes and obesity: advantage of oral delivery.Frontiers in drug delivery · 2024Article
- Food reinforcement architecture: A framework for impulsive and compulsive overeating and food abuse.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2023Review
- A physiologic increase in brain glucagon action alters the hepatic gluconeogenic/glycogenolytic ratio but not glucagon's overall effect on glucose production.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Usage of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 for Obesity in Children; Updated Review of Clinicaltrials.gov.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2023Review
- Activation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors reduces the acquisition of aggression-like behaviors in male mice.Translational psychiatry · 2022Article
- Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists - Potential Game Changers in the Treatment of Glaucoma?Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Metabolic remodeling of glycerophospholipids acts as a signature of dulaglutide and liraglutide treatment in recent-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Networking of glucagon-like peptide-1 axons with GnRH neurons in the basal forebrain of male mice revealed by 3DISCO-based immunocytochemistry and optogenetics.Brain structure & function · 2021Article
- Insulin sensitivity predicts cognitive decline in individuals with prediabetes.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2020Article
- Brain Endothelial Cells Regulate Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Entry Into the Brain via a Receptor-Mediated Process.Frontiers in physiology · 2020Article
- Insulin and Autophagy in Neurodegeneration.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Review
- Brain GLP-1/IGF-1 Signaling and Autophagy Mediate Exendin-4 Protection Against Apoptosis in Type 2 Diabetic Rats.Molecular neurobiology · 2018Article
- Exendin-4 inhibits high-altitude cerebral edema by protecting against neurobiological dysfunction.Neural regeneration research · 2018Article
- Dissecting the Physiology and Pathophysiology of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2018Review
- Hypothalamic circuits regulating appetite and energy homeostasis: pathways to obesity.Disease models & mechanisms · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is often treated with a class of drugs referred to as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs. GLP-1 is a peptide secreted by the gut that acts through only one known receptor, the GLP-1 receptor. The primary function of GLP-1 is thought to be lowering of postprandial glucose levels. Indeed, medications utilizing this system, including the long-acting GLP-1 analogs liraglutide and exenatide, are beneficial in reducing both blood sugars and body weight. GLP-1 analogs were long presumed to affect glucose control through their ability to increase insulin levels through peripheral action on beta cells. However, multiple lines of data point to the ability of GLP-1 to act within the brain to alter glucose regulation. In this review we will discuss the evidence for a central GLP-1 system and the effects of GLP-1 in the brain on regulating multiple facets of glucose homeostasis including glucose tolerance, insulin production, insulin sensitivity, hepatic glucose production, muscle glucose uptake, and connections of the central GLP-1 system to the gut. Although the evidence indicates that GLP-1 receptors in the brain are not necessary for physiologic control of glucose regulation, we discuss the research showing a strong effect of acute manipulation of the central GLP-1 system on glucose control and how it is relevant to type 2 diabetic patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.