ReviewJournal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society2015
Recent advances clarifying the etiologies of strabismus.
Review in Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dissociation between globe shape-induced rectus muscle pulley displacement and abduction limitation in patients aged 40 years and older with high myopic strabismus.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Comparison of orbital structures between age-related distance esotropia and acute acquired concomitant esotropia.PloS one · 2025Article
- Comprehensive analysis of strabismus reoperations: clinical insights and progression factors.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Visual and auditory attention defects in children with intermittent exotropia.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Comitant strabismus etiology: extraocular muscle integrity and central nervous system involvement-a narrative review.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2023Review
- Observation on the Curative Effect of Microsurgery in 154 Children with Strabismus and Analysis of Its Influencing Factors.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2021Article
- Adult-onset nonparalytic, small-angle hypertropia.Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus · 2018Article
- Nonhuman Primate Studies to Advance Vision Science and Prevent Blindness.ILAR journal · 2017Review
- Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStrabismus is commonly encountered in neuro-ophthalmology practice. Adult patients may present with symptoms including disabling diplopia and decreased quality of life. Although presentation to the neuro-ophthalmologist often prompts a thorough workup for a neurologic basis of ocular misalignment, advances in orbital imaging and understanding of orbital mechanics have revealed novel mechanical causes. A goal of this review is to clarify mechanical mechanisms of strabismus that were formerly assumed be neurologic in origin. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: The authors combine their own research and clinical experience with a literature review using PubMed.
resultsAberrant paths of the extraocular muscles can lead to strabismus. The extraocular muscles have connective tissue pulleys that control muscle paths and are, in turn, influenced by the extraocular muscle orbital layers. Orbital connective tissues, including the pulleys, constrain extraocular muscle paths. Abnormalities of these tissues may lead to strabismus that is not due to neurologic pathology. Some extraocular muscles are divided into independent neuromuscular compartments, so that partial motor nerve lesions may manifest as selective denervation of only 1 compartment, complicating the presentation of neuropathic strabismus.
conclusionsStrabismus in adults due to nonneurologic causes can result from recently described abnormalities of the orbital connective tissue pulley system. Advances in understanding of compartmental extraocular muscle anatomy and innervation can explain cyclovertical strabismus in partial nerve palsies. Recognition of the underlying pathogenesis of the strabismus can lead to improved treatments.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.