ReviewCurrent opinion in immunology2015
The immunology of influenza virus-associated bacterial pneumonia.
Review in Current opinion in immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 131 citations in OpenAlex.
- A decade of endemic human coronaviruses: epidemiological patterns and clinical significance in an adult cohort at a tertiary care hospital in Germany.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- FulminantInfectious disease reports · 2026Article
- Influenza virus and Staphylococcus aureus super-infection disrupts spatially coordinated cellular immunity in the mouse lung.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Maladaptive trained immunity in viral infections.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- Causal Inference of Different Smoke Exposure Statuses and Influenza Risk: Insights From a Mendelian Randomization Study.The clinical respiratory journal · 2025Article
- The Recent Increase in Invasive Bacterial Infections: A Report From the National COVID Cohort Collaborative.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2025Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Epidemiological Trends in Pediatric Cervical Abscess-Forming Infections.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Risk factors for re-hospitalization within 90 days of discharge for severe influenza in children.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Microbial dynamics and pulmonary immune responses in COVID-19 secondary bacterial pneumonia.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The deadly dance of alveolar macrophages and influenza virus.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Review
- Clinical presentations and diagnostic approaches of pediatric necrotizing tracheobronchitis with influenza A virus and Staphylococcus aureus co-infections.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Severe necrotizing tracheobronchitis caused by influenza B and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus co-infection in an immunocompetent patient.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2024Article
- Streptococcus pyogenes Pneumonia: A Rare and Severe Presentation in a Patient With Asthma.Cureus · 2023Article
- Article
- Review
- Immune response in influenza virus infection and modulation of immune injury by viral neuraminidase.Virology journal · 2023Review
- Active immunization withJournal of thoracic disease · 2023Article
- A case of severe bilateral empyema due toIDCases · 2023Article
- Novel Requirement for Staphylococcal Cell Wall-Anchored Protein SasD in Pulmonary Infection.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Heterotypic Influenza Infections Mitigate Susceptibility to Secondary Bacterial Infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Infection with influenza virus has been a significant cause of morbidity and mortality for more than a hundred years. Severe disease and increased mortality often results from bacterial super-infection of patients with influenza virus infection. Preceding influenza infection alters the host's innate and adaptive immune responses, allowing increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial pneumonia. Recent advances in the field have helped to define how influenza alters the immune response to bacteria through the dysregulation of phagocytes, antimicrobial peptides, and lymphocytes. Viral-induced interferons play a key role in altering the phenotype of the immune response. Potential genetic modifiers of disease will help to define additional immunologic mechanisms that predispose to viral, bacterial super-infection with the overarching goal of developing effective therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.