SynthesisPloS one2015
Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus in breast cancer.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infection and Increased Sporadic Breast Carcinoma Risk: A Meta-Analysis.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Detection of Human CytomegalovirusThe journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society · 2026Article
- Beyond the Usual Suspects: Emerging Associations Between Epstein-Barr Virus Infection/Infectious Mononucleosis and Cancers.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- Chemical Complementarity of Blood-Sourced, Breast Cancer-Related TCR CDR3s and the CMV UL29 and IE1 Antigens is Associated with Worse Overall Survival.Biochemical genetics · 2025Article
- The HER2 target for designing novel multi-peptide vaccine against breast cancer using immunoinformatics and molecular dynamic simulation.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- A Potential Oncoprotective Role of Cytomegalovirus Against Breast Cancer: Worldwide Correlation and Survey of Evidence.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Review
- Human Cytomegalovirus Infection and Breast Cancer: A Literature Review of Clinical and Experimental Data.Biology · 2025Review
- Malignancy in neuromuscular patients on chronic IVIG.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- The association between infectious agents and breast cancer: a review of the epidemiologic evidence.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Review
- The viral origins of breast cancer.Infectious agents and cancer · 2024Review
- The Role of Oncogenic Viruses in the Pathogenesis of Sporadic Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of the Current Literature.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Association of Human Papilloma Virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr Virus with Breast Cancer in Jordanian Women.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Editorial: Inflammatory tumor microenvironment: role of cytokines and virokines in breast cancer progression and metastasis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Article
- Non-Response of Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Breast Cancer after Primary Chemotherapy: Report of Two Cases.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Exploring the link between viruses and cancer in companion animals: a comprehensive and comparative analysis.Infectious agents and cancer · 2023Review
- Tumor resident, TRA anti-viral CDR3 chemical sequence motifs are associated with a better breast cancer outcome.Genes and immunity · 2023Article
- Epstein-Barr Viral Infection and the Risk for Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.International journal of hematology-oncology and stem cell research · 2023Review
- Supportive Oligonucleotide Therapy (SOT) as a Potential Treatment for Viral Infections and Lyme Disease: Preliminary Results.Infectious disease reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Findings of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and breast cancer vary, making it difficult to determine whether either, both, or neither virus is causally associated with breast cancer. We investigated CMV and EBV in paired samples of breast cancer and normal breast tissue from 70 women using quantitative PCR. A serum sample from each woman was tested for CMV and EBV IgG. To place our results in context, we reviewed the existing literature and performed a meta-analysis of our results together with previous PCR studies of EBV, CMV, and breast cancer. Of the serology samples, 67 of 70 (96%) were EBV IgG positive and 49 of 70 (70%) were CMV IgG positive. QPCR detected EBV in 24 (34%) of the tumour and 9 (13%) of the paired normal specimens and CMV in 0 (0%) of the tumour and 2 (3%) of the paired normal specimens. Our findings, together with earlier results summarised in the meta-analysis, suggest several possibilities: variable findings may be due to limitations of molecular analyses; 'hit and run' oncogenesis may lead to inconsistent results; one or both viruses has a role at a later stage in breast cancer development; infection with multiple viruses increases breast cancer risk; or neither virus has a role. Future studies should focus on ways to investigate these possibilities, and should include comparisons of breast cancer tissue samples with appropriate normal tissue samples.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.