ArticleACS nano2015
High relaxivity Gd(III)-DNA gold nanostars: investigation of shape effects on proton relaxation.
Article in ACS nano, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed.
- Applications of Bioinorganic Nano-Based Delivery Systems-Diagnostics and Therapeutics.Drug development research · 2026Review
- Design and characterization of in situ cell-penetrating multi-modal gadolinium-gold nanoparticles for MR and CT imaging.Biomaterials · 2026Article
- Convergent Evolution: Self-Assembly of Small Molecule, Polymeric, and Inorganic Contrast Agents toward Advanced MRI.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Review
- Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles as Multimodal Agents for Optical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- Alkaline Phosphatase-Targeted, Gadolinium-Labeled Nanoparticles for Enhanced Multimodal Imaging of Liver Cancer.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- High-Curvature Features on Branched Nanoconstructs Circumvent Protein Corona Interference.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- Water-Soluble Bimodal Magnetic-Fluorescent Radical Dendrimers as Potential MRI-FI Imaging Probes.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2024Article
- Seeking for Innovation with Magnetic Resonance Imaging Paramagnetic Contrast Agents: Relaxation Enhancement via Weak and Dynamic Electrostatic Interactions with Positively Charged Groups on Endogenous Macromolecules.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2024Article
- Engineered Nonviral Protein Cages Modified for MR Imaging.ACS applied bio materials · 2023Article
- Large Protein Assemblies for High-Relaxivity Contrast Agents: The Case of Gadolinium-Labeled Asparaginase.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2022Article
- High Relaxivity with No Coordinated Waters: A Seemingly Paradoxical Behavior of [Gd(DOTP)]Inorganic chemistry · 2022Article
- Mechanistic insights into the anisotropic growth of ZnO nanoparticles deciphered through 2D size plots and multivariate analysis.Nanoscale advances · 2021Article
- An NMR relaxometry approach for quantitative investigation of the transchelation of gadolinium ions from GBCAs to a competing macromolecular chelator.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Recent Advances in Gadolinium Based Contrast Agents for Bioimaging Applications.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Review
- Nanoparticle Shape Determines Dynamics of Targeting Nanoconstructs on Cell Membranes.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2021Article
- A DNA-Based MRI Contrast Agent for Quantitative pH Measurement.ACS sensors · 2021Article
- Light-Mediated Directed Placement of Different DNA Sequences on Single Gold Nanoparticles.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2021Article
- Functionalization of Gold Nanostars with Cationic β-Cyclodextrin-Based Polymer for Drug Co-Loading and SERS Monitoring.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Rational Design of High-Relaxivity EuChemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Gadolinium(III) nanoconjugate contrast agents (CAs) have distinct advantages over their small-molecule counterparts in magnetic resonance imaging. In addition to increased Gd(III) payload, a significant improvement in proton relaxation efficiency, or relaxivity (r1), is often observed. In this work, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a nanoconjugate CA created by covalent attachment of Gd(III) to thiolated DNA (Gd(III)-DNA), followed by surface conjugation onto gold nanostars (DNA-Gd@stars). These conjugates exhibit remarkable r1 with values up to 98 mM(-1) s(-1). Additionally, DNA-Gd@stars show efficient Gd(III) delivery and biocompatibility in vitro and generate significant contrast enhancement when imaged at 7 T. Using nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion analysis, we attribute the high performance of the DNA-Gd@stars to an increased contribution of second-sphere relaxivity compared to that of spherical CA equivalents (DNA-Gd@spheres). Importantly, the surface of the gold nanostar contains Gd(III)-DNA in regions of positive, negative, and neutral curvature. We hypothesize that the proton relaxation enhancement observed results from the presence of a unique hydrophilic environment produced by Gd(III)-DNA in these regions, which allows second-sphere water molecules to remain adjacent to Gd(III) ions for up to 10 times longer than diffusion. These results establish that particle shape and second-sphere relaxivity are important considerations in the design of Gd(III) nanoconjugate CAs.
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