ReviewCurrent treatment options in allergy
Is The Allergen Really Needed in Allergy Immunotherapy?
Review in Current treatment options in allergy. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Adjuvant Strategies to Improve the Efficacy of Allergen Immunotherapy.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Virus-like Particles Produced in Plants: A Promising Platform for Recombinant Vaccine Development.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Perspective vaccines for emerging viral diseases in farm animals.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2023Review
- Inhalative Nanoparticulate CpG Immunotherapy in Severe Equine Asthma: An Innovative Therapeutic Concept and Potential Animal Model for Human Asthma Treatment.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Review
- On the role of allergen-specific IgG subclasses for blocking human basophil activation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Article
- Genetically engineered fusion of allergen and viral-like particle induces a more effective allergen-specific immune response than a combination of them.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2021Article
- EAACI Allergen Immunotherapy User's Guide.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2020Review
- All the small things: How virus-like particles and liposomes modulate allergic immune responses.European journal of immunology · 2020Review
- Comparative Review of Asthma in Farmers and Horses.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2019Review
- Immunomodulatory asthma therapy in the equine animal model: A dose-response study and evaluation of a long-term effect.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2019Article
- Article
- DNA and mRNA vaccination against allergies.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2018Review
- Virus-Like Particles as Carrier Systems to Enhance Immunomodulation in Allergen Immunotherapy.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2018Review
- A comparison of nanoparticullate CpG immunotherapy with and without allergens in spontaneously equine asthma-affected horses, an animal model.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2018Article
- Mechanistic insight into the impact of nanomaterials on asthma and allergic airway disease.Particle and fibre toxicology · 2017Review
- CpG oligodeoxynucleotide nanomedicines for the prophylaxis or treatment of cancers, infectious diseases, and allergies.International journal of nanomedicine · 2017Review
- Different applications of virus-like particles in biology and medicine: Vaccination and delivery systems.Biopolymers · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunotherapy for type I allergies is well established and is regarded to be the most efficient treatment option besides allergen avoidance. As of today, different forms of allergen preparations are used in this regard, as well as different routes of application. Virus-like particles (VLPs) represent a potent vaccine platform with proven immunogenicity and clinical efficacy. The addition of toll-like receptor ligands and/or depot-forming adjuvants further enhances activation of innate as well as adaptive immune responses. CpG motifs represent intensively investigated and potent direct stimulators of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B cells, while T cell responses are enhanced indirectly through increased antigen presentation and cytokine release. This article will focus on the function of VLPs loaded with DNA rich in nonmethylated CG motifs (CpGs) and the clinical experience gained in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, demonstrating clinical efficacy also if administered without allergens. Several published studies have demonstrated a beneficial impact on allergic symptoms by treatment with CpG-loaded VLPs. Subcutaneous injection of VLPs loaded with CpGs was tested with or without the adjuvant alum in the presence or absence of an allergen. The results encourage further investigation of VLPs and CpG motifs in immunotherapy, either as a stand-alone product or as adjuvants for allergen-specific immunotherapy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.