ArticleMilitary Medical Research2015
Current knowledge and future directions of TLR and NOD signaling in sepsis.
Article in Military Medical Research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Host genetic variants in sepsis risk: a field synopsis and meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2019Pooled it
- Innate immune sensor NOD2 promotes cartilage degradation and osteoarthritis progression by stabilizing TRAF6 in chondrocytes.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Crosstalk between innate immune signaling pathways and integrated TLR, NLRP3 inflammasome, cGAS-STING, and NF-κB networks in sepsis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cell-like cells in early sepsis: a comparative study with non-septic patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Observational
- Exosomes and MicroRNAs: key modulators of macrophage polarization in sepsis pathophysiology.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- The Novel Role of the Expression of Toll-like Receptors TLR-5, TLR-6, and TLR-9 and Associated Up-Regulation of Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor (PD-1) and Its Ligand (PD-L1) in Lung Sepsis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Beyond survival to domination:Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- The relationship between immune cell infiltration and necroptosis gene expression in sepsis: an analysis using single-cell transcriptomic data.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Sepsis-induced immunosuppression: mechanisms, biomarkers and immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Anti-inflammatory effects ofHeliyon · 2024Article
- The macrophage polarization by miRNAs and its potential role in the treatment of tumor and inflammation (Review).Oncology reports · 2023Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles for Sepsis Treatment.Advanced therapeutics · 2021Article
- Treatment with Bacterial Biologics Promotes Healthy Aging and Traumatic Brain Injury Responses in AdultCells · 2021Article
- Innate Receptor Activation Patterns Involving TLR and NLR Synergisms in COVID-19, ALI/ARDS and Sepsis Cytokine Storms: A Review and Model Making Novel Predictions and Therapeutic Suggestions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Ion and Water Transport in Neutrophil Granulocytes and Its Impairment during Sepsis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Circulating Histones in Sepsis: Potential Outcome Predictors and Therapeutic Targets.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Association between disease-related malnutrition and innate immunity gene expression in critically ill patients at intensive care unit admission.Central-European journal of immunology · 2020Article
- Infection-induced innate antimicrobial response disorders: from signaling pathways and their modulation to selected biomarkers.Central-European journal of immunology · 2020Review
- The Nature of Antibacterial Adaptive Immune Responses against Staphylococcus aureus Is Dependent on the Growth Phase and Extracellular Peptidoglycan.Infection and immunity · 2019Article
- Up-regulation of DcR3 in microbial toxins-stimulated HUVECs involves NF-κB signalling.BMC biochemistry · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The incidence of sepsis is increasing over time, along with an increased risk of dying from the condition. Sepsis care costs billions annually in the United States. Death from sepsis is understood to be a complex process, driven by a lack of normal immune homeostatic functions and excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines, which leads to multi-organ failure. The Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, one of whose members was initially discovered in Drosophila, performs an important role in the recognition of microbial pathogens. These pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), upon sensing invading microorganisms, activate intracellular signal transduction pathways. NOD signaling is also involved in the recognition of bacteria and acts synergistically with the TLR family in initiating an efficient immune response for the eradication of invading microbial pathogens. TLRs and NOD1/NOD2 respond to different pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Modulation of both TLR and NOD signaling is an area of research that has prompted much excitement and debate as a therapeutic strategy in the management of sepsis. Molecules targeting TLR and NOD signaling pathways exist but regrettably thus far none have proven efficacy from clinical trials.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.