Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25722661›Full record

ArticleJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition2015

Energy availability discriminates clinical menstrual status in exercising women.

Jennifer L Reed, Mary Jane De Souza, Rebecca J Mallinson, Jennifer L Scheid, Nancy I Williams

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
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  3. Effects of a ketogenic diet on body composition and strength in trained women.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2020
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  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
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  9. Considerations of Fertility in Elite Sportswomen: A Narrative Review.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jennifer L ReedDepartment of Kinesiology, Women's Health and Exercise Laboratory, 108 Noll Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA ; Current address: Division of Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7 Canada.
Mary Jane De SouzaDepartment of Kinesiology, Women's Health and Exercise Laboratory, 108 Noll Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA.
Rebecca J MallinsonDepartment of Kinesiology, Women's Health and Exercise Laboratory, 108 Noll Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA.
Jennifer L ScheidDepartment of Kinesiology, Women's Health and Exercise Laboratory, 108 Noll Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA ; Current address: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA.
Nancy I WilliamsDepartment of Kinesiology, Women's Health and Exercise Laboratory, 108 Noll Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA.

Funding

Cincinnati Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences and TrainingUL1TR000077 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI · PI HEUBI, JAMES E., TSEVAT, JOEL · 2012 to 2014
$9.9M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000077
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundConditions of low energy availability (EA) (<30 kcal/kgLBM) have been associated with suppressed metabolic hormones and reductions in LH pulsatility in previously sedentary women during short-term manipulations of energy intake (EI) and exercise energy expenditure (EEE) in a controlled laboratory setting. The purpose of this study was to examine if EA, defined as EA = (EI-EEE)/kgLBM, is associated with disruptions in ovarian function in exercising women.

methodsMenstrual status was confirmed with daily measures of urinary reproductive metabolites across 1-3 menstrual cycles or 28-day monitoring periods. EA was calculated for exercise days using EI from 3-day diet logs, EEE from heart-rate monitors and/or exercise logs for a 7-day period, and body composition from DXA. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured by indirect calorimetry. Total triiodothyronine (TT3) was measured from a fasting blood sample.

results91 exercising women (23.1 ± 0.5 years) were categorized clinically as either exercising amenorrheic (ExAmen, n = 30), exercising oligomenorrheic (ExOligo, n = 20) or exercising eumenorrheic (ExEumen, n = 41). The eumenorrheic group was further divided into more specific subclinical groups as either exercising ovulatory (ExOv, n = 20), exercising inconsistent (ExIncon, n = 13), or exercising anovulatory (ExAnov, n = 8). An EA threshold of 30 kcal/kgLBM did not distinguish subclinical menstrual status (χ (2) = 0.557, p = 0.46) nor did EA differ across subclinical disturbance groups (p > 0.05). EA was lower in the ExAmen vs. ExEumen (30.9 ± 2.4 vs. 36.9 ± 1.7 kcal/kgLBM, p = 0.04). The ratio of REE/predicted REE was lower in the ExAmen vs. ExEumen (0.85 ± 0.02 vs. 0.92 ± 0.01, p = 0.001) as was TT3 (79.6 ± 4.1 vs. 95.3 ± 2.9 ng/mL, p = 0.002).

conclusionsEA did not differ among subclinical forms of menstrual disturbances in a large sample of exercising women, but EA did discriminate clinical menstrual status, i.e., amenorrhea from eumenorrhea.

Indexed as

Dietary energy intakeEnergy balanceExercise trainingFemalesResting metabolic rateTotal triiodothyronine

Identifiers

PMID25722661
PMCPMC4342163

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.