ReviewStem cells translational medicine2015
Concise review: workshop review: understanding and assessing the risks of stem cell-based therapies.
Abstract readReview
In one paragraph
Review in Stem cells translational medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
72citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Therapy for Ischemic Heart Disease in Animal Model: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Multifunctional biomaterial platforms for blocking the fibrosis process and promoting cellular restoring effects in myocardial fibrosis therapy.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Pooled it
- Retrievable "sea-island" microstructured zwitterionic-silicone hydrogel devices: augmented oxygen transport and anti-fibrosis for sustaining islet survival.Bioactive materials · 2027Article
- Programmable Paracrine-Mimetic Microneedle System for Temporal Regulation of Cardiac Repair.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Biomimetic scaffolds based on stem cells for neural tissue engineering: a review.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Electrical coupling between transplanted cardiomyocytes and host myocardium to prevent arrhythmia.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Review
- MSC-derived apoptotic vesicles remodel hepatic macrophage polarization and suppress fibrosis via miR-6869-5p-mediated inhibition of FGF1 and HMGB1.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Apoptotic Micro-Vesicles Repaired Sciatic Nerve Defect by Regulating Early Inflammatory Microenvironment and Promoting Angiogenesis.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- CD44-Binding Peptide-Functionalized Antibiofouling Polymer Surface for High-Performance Separation of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2026Article
- Stem cell-mediated recovery in stroke: partnering with the immune system.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Current challenges and future directions of ATMPs in regenerative medicine.Regenerative therapy · 2025Review
- Addressing the challenges of immunogenicity, heterogeneity and tumorigenicity in the clinical translation of human embryonic stem cells.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- Neural crest-derived mesenchymal stem cells: Fates and perspectives.World journal of stem cells · 2025Review
- Islet Cell Replacement and Regeneration for Type 1 Diabetes: Current Developments and Future Prospects.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2025Review
- Application of biomaterials in mesenchymal stem cell based endometrial reconstruction: current status and challenges.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- FAK signaling suppression by OCT4-ITGA6 mediates the effectively removal of residual pluripotent stem cells and enhances application safety.Theranostics · 2025Article
- Stem cell-based therapies for treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm: development, application, and future potential.npj biomedical innovations · 2025Review
- Promotion of osteochondral repair through immune microenvironment regulation and activation of endogenous chondrogenesis via the release of apoptotic vesicles from donor MSCs.Bioactive materials · 2024Article
- Adipose-derived stem cells in diabetic foot care: Bridging clinical trials and practical application.World journal of diabetes · 2024Review
- A Comprehensive Exploration of Therapeutic Strategies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Insights from Human and Animal Studies.Biomedicines · 2024Review
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
35 authors.
James A HeslopMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Thomas G HammondMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Ilaria SanteramoMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Agnès Tort PiellaMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Isabel HoppMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Jing ZhouMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Roua BatyMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Enrique I GrazianoMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Bernabé Proto MarcoMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Alexis CaronMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Patrik SköldMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Peter W AndrewsMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Melissa A BaxterMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
David C HayMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Junnat HamdamMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Michaela E SharpeMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Sara PatelMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
David R JonesMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Jens ReinhardtMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Erik H J DanenMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Uri Ben-DavidMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Glyn StaceyMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Petter BjörquistMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Jacqueline PinerMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
John MillsMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Cliff RoweMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Giovanni PellegriniMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Swaminathan SethuMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Daniel J AntoineMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Michael J CrossMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Patricia MurrayMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Dominic P WilliamsMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Neil R KitteringhamMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Chris E P GoldringMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
B Kevin ParkMedical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Division of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Laurea Miro, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain; SANOFI-Research & Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France; Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husarg, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; OakMore Solutions Ltd., Faversham, U.K.; ReNeuron Limited, Guildford, U.K.; Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, U.K.; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, Israel; U.K. Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, U.K.; Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden; GSK, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, Ware, U.K.; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, U.K.; CN-bio Innovations Limited, Centre for Innovation & Enterprise, Begbroke, U.K.; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Bio Scien
Funding
Medical Research Council G0700654Medical Research Council MR/K026739/1Medical Research Council MR/L006758/1Medical Research Council MR/L012537/1Medical Research Council MR/L01324X/1
Abstract
The field of stem cell therapeutics is moving ever closer to widespread application in the clinic. However, despite the undoubted potential held by these therapies, the balance between risk and benefit remains difficult to predict. As in any new field, a lack of previous application in man and gaps in the underlying science mean that regulators and investigators continue to look for a balance between minimizing potential risk and ensuring therapies are not needlessly kept from patients. Here, we attempt to identify the important safety issues, assessing the current advances in scientific knowledge and how they may translate to clinical therapeutic strategies in the identification and management of these risks. We also investigate the tools and techniques currently available to researchers during preclinical and clinical development of stem cell products, their utility and limitations, and how these tools may be strategically used in the development of these therapies. We conclude that ensuring safety through cutting-edge science and robust assays, coupled with regular and open discussions between regulators and academic/industrial investigators, is likely to prove the most fruitful route to ensuring the safest possible development of new products.
Indexed as
Stem Cell TransplantationCell- and Tissue-Based TherapyHumansPluripotent Stem CellsStem CellsTransplantation, AutologousAdult stem cellsAutologous stem cell transplantationCellular therapyIn vivo trackingPluripotent stem cellsStem cellStem cell expansionStem cell transplantation
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.