ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2015
Factors Associated With Plasma IL-6 Levels During HIV Infection.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 178 citations in OpenAlex.
- The relationship between HIV-1 neuroinflammation, neurocognitive impairment and encephalitis pathology: A systematic review of studies investigating post-mortem brain tissue.Reviews in medical virology · 2024Pooled it
- Patho-immune Mechanisms of Hypertension in HIV: a Systematic and Thematic Review.Current hypertension reports · 2019Pooled it
- Implications and prospects of immunological and neuroimaging research in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Coordination of inflammatory responses in children with perinatally acquired HIV infection.AIDS (London, England) · 2022Trial
- Incomplete ART adherence is associated with higher inflammation in individuals who achieved virologic suppression in the START study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2019Trial
- Inflammation-Related Morbidity and Mortality Among HIV-Positive Adults: How Extensive Is It?Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Inflammatory responses in HIV-1 genetic subtypes in relationship with anti-retroviral drug resistance in Minna, Niger State, North Central Nigeria.BMC immunology · 2026Article
- Serum Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-10 levels in people living with HIV on short-term and long-term antiretroviral therapy: a comparative cross-sectional study with HIV-negative controls.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Age and viral replication, not vertical HIV acquisition, drive inflammation and T-cell dysfunction in heavily treatment experienced: data from the Prestigio Registry.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Interleukin-6 restricts pre-thymic T cell lineage commitment of progenitors driving loss of SIV control.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Treatment in acute HIV infection only temporarily preserves monocyte function: a comparative cohort study in adult males.EBioMedicine · 2025Article
- Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blocker Usage Prevents Oxidative Stress and Muscle Dysfunction in HIV.Fundamental & clinical pharmacology · 2025Article
- Risk of clinical events in virologically suppressed people with HIV switching to a two-drug regimen vs. remaining on a three-drug regimen: a target trial emulation.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Proinflammatory Biomarkers and Clinical Factors Associated with Long-Term Mortality in People with HIV.Viruses · 2025Article
- No Association Between HIV-1 Subtype and Primary Resistance Mutations with CD4 Reconstitution During Effective Antiretroviral Treatment: An Observational, Cohort Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Observational
- Galectin 9 Levels as a Potential Predictor of Intact HIV Reservoir Decay.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Patterns of inflammation and immune activation by coreceptor use in people living with HIV-1.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The heart of the matter: modeling HIV-associated cardiovascular comorbidities in nonhuman primate models.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundElevated interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels have been linked to cardiovascular disease, cancer and death. Persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection receiving treatment have higher IL-6 levels, but few data are available on factors associated with circulating IL-6.
methodsParticipants in 3 trials with IL-6 measured at baseline were included (N = 9864). Factors associated with IL-6 were identified by linear regression. Demographic and HIV variables (nadir/entry CD4(+) cell count, HIV RNA level, antiretroviral therapy regimen) were investigated in all 3 trials. In the SMART (Strategies for Management of Anti-Retroviral Therapy) trial, CD4/CD8 ratio, smoking, comorbid conditions, serum lipids, renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]), and educational level were assessed.
resultsDemographics associated with higher IL-6 levels were older age and lower education, whereas black race was associated with lower IL-6. Higher HIV RNA levels were associated with higher IL-6 levels, and higher nadir CD4(+) cell counts with lower IL-6 levels. Compared with efavirenz, protease inhibitors were associated with higher and nevirapine with lower IL-6 levels. Smoking and all comorbid conditions were related to higher IL-6. IL-6 levels increased with decreasing eGFR and decreasing serum lipids.
conclusionsHigher levels of IL-6 were associated with older age, nonblack race, higher body mass index, lower serum lipid levels, HIV replication, low nadir CD4(+) cell count, protease inhibitor use, comorbid conditions, and decreased eGFR. Multiple factors affect inflammation in HIV and should be considered in studies of IL-6 as a biomarker of clinical outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.