Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25720357›Full record

ArticleEpidemiology and psychiatric sciences2015

Anxious and non-anxious major depressive disorder in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys.

R C Kessler, N A Sampson, P Berglund, M J Gruber, A Al-Hamzawi, L Andrade, B Bunting, K Demyttenaere, S Florescu, G de Girolamo and 23 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 265 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
265citing papers in PubMed, 10 pooled it
29.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

265 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 613 citations in OpenAlex.

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205 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

33 authors at 20 institutions in 24 countries.

R C KesslerDepartment of Health Care Policy,Harvard Medical School,Boston,MA,USA.
N A SampsonDepartment of Health Care Policy,Harvard Medical School,Boston,MA,USA.
P BerglundInstitute for Social Research, University of Michigan,Ann Arbor,MI,USA.
M J GruberDepartment of Health Care Policy,Harvard Medical School,Boston,MA,USA.
A Al-HamzawiCollege of Medicine, Al-Qadisiya University,Diwania governorate,Iraq.
L AndradeInstitute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School,São Paulo,Brazil.
B BuntingSchool of Psychology, Ulster University,Londonberry,Ireland.
K DemyttenaereDepartment of Psychiatry,University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven,Leuven,Belgium.
S FlorescuNational School of Public Health,Management and Professional Development,Bucharest,Romania.
G de GirolamoUnit of Epidemiological and Evaluation Psychiatry,IRCCS St John of God Clinical Research Centre,Brescia,Italy.
O GurejeDepartment of Psychiatry,Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health, Neurosciences, Drug and Alcohol Abuse, University of Ibadan,Ibadan,Nigeria.
Y HeShanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine,Shanghai,People's Republic of China.
C HuShenzhen Institute of Mental Health & Shenzhen Kanging Hospital,Guangdon Province,PRC.
Y HuangInstitute of Mental Health, Peking University,Beijing,China.
E KaramDepartment of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology,Faculty of Medicine,Balamand University,Beirut,Lebanon.
V Kovess-MasfetyEcole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique (EHESP), EA 4057 Paris Descartes University,Paris,France.
S LeeDepartment of Psychiatry,The Chinese University of Hong Kong,Shatin,Hong Kong SAR.
D LevinsonMinistry of Health Israel,Mental Health Services,Jerusalem,Israel.
M E Medina MoraRamond e la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry,Mexico City,Mexico.
J MoskalewiczInstitute of psychiatry and Neurology,Warsaw,Poland.
Y NakamuraDepartment of Public Health,Jichi Medical University,Shimotsuke,Tochigi,Japan.
F Navarro-MateuUnidad de Docencia, Investigación y Formación en Salud Mental (UDIF-SM),Servicio Murciano de Salud,IMIB-Arrixaca,CIBERESP-Nodo Murcia,Spain.
M A Oakley BrowneDepartment of Psychiatry,School of Medicine, University of Tasmania,Tasmania,Australia.
M PiazzaNational Institute of Health,Lima,Peru.
J Posada-VillaUniversidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca,Bogota,Colombia.
T SladeNational Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales,Sydney,Australia.
M Ten HaveNetherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction,Utrecht,The Netherlands.
Y TorresCenter for Excellence on Research in Mental Health, CES University,Medellin,Colombia.
G VilagutHealth Services Research Unit, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques),Carrer del Doctor Aiguader,88,Edifici PRBB,08003,Barcelona,Spain.
M XavierDepartment of Mental Health - CEDOC and Faculdade Ciencias Medicas,Universidade Nova de Lisboa,Lisbon,Portugal.
Z ZarkovDepartment Mental Health,NCPHA,Sofia,Bulgaria.
V ShahlyDepartment of Health Care Policy,Harvard Medical School,Boston,MA,USA.
M A WilcoxJanssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development,Titusville,NJ,USA.
Harvard University · USChinese University of Hong Kong · HKÉcole des Hautes Études en Santé Publique · FRHospital del Mar Research Institute · ESInstitute of Mental Health · GBInstitute of Psychiatry and Neurology · PLInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz · MXIsrael Ministry of Health · ILJanssen (United States) · USJichi Medical University · JPKU Leuven · BENational Center of Public Health and Analyses · BGNational Institute of Quality · PENational School of Public Health, Management and Professional Development · ROPeking University · CNServicio Murciano de Salud · ESShanghai Jiao Tong University · CNShenzhen KangNing Hospital · CNUniversidad CES · COUniversidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca · CO

Funding

EPIDEMIOLOGY-- NATIONAL COMORBIDITY SURVEY REPLICATIONU01MH060220 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI KESSLER, RONALD C · 1999 to 2010
$18.7M
Risk Factors for Psychopathology in the WHO WMH SurveysR01MH070884 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI KESSLER, RONALD C · 2005 to 2009
$6.0M
Trauma, Stress, and Mental Health in South AfricaR01MH059575 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI WILLIAMS, DAVID R · 1998 to 2007
$2.5M
Social Role Disability and Mental-Physical Co-MorbidityR01MH069864 · NIMH · KAISER FOUNDATION HEALTH PLAN OF WASHINGTON · PI VON KORFF, MICHAEL R · 2004 to 2007
$2.2M
CROSS-NATIONAL STUDIES OF DRUG INVOLVEMENT: WMH2000R01DA016558 · NIDA · MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY · PI ANTHONY, JAMES CHRISTOPHER · 2003 to 2008
$1.7M
Drug Dependence Epidemiology and EnviromicsK05DA015799 · NIDA · MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY · PI ANTHONY, JAMES CHRISTOPHER · 2003 to 2015
$1.4M
World Mental Health Consortium Annual Meeting 2003-07R13MH066849 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI HEERINGA, STEVEN G · 2003 to 2007
$735k
Lebanon-Epidemiology: The NCS Replication StudyR03TW006481 · FIC · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI KESSLER, RONALD C · 2004 to 2006
$142k
FIC NIH HHS R03 TW006481NIDA NIH HHS K05 DA015799NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA016558NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH069864NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH070884NIMH NIH HHS R13 MH066849
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTo examine cross-national patterns and correlates of lifetime and 12-month comorbid DSM-IV anxiety disorders among people with lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV major depressive disorder (MDD).

methodNationally or regionally representative epidemiological interviews were administered to 74 045 adults in 27 surveys across 24 countries in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys. DSM-IV MDD, a wide range of comorbid DSM-IV anxiety disorders, and a number of correlates were assessed with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).

results45.7% of respondents with lifetime MDD (32.0-46.5% inter-quartile range (IQR) across surveys) had one of more lifetime anxiety disorders. A slightly higher proportion of respondents with 12-month MDD had lifetime anxiety disorders (51.7%, 37.8-54.0% IQR) and only slightly lower proportions of respondents with 12-month MDD had 12-month anxiety disorders (41.6%, 29.9-47.2% IQR). Two-thirds (68%) of respondents with lifetime comorbid anxiety disorders and MDD reported an earlier age-of-onset (AOO) of their first anxiety disorder than their MDD, while 13.5% reported an earlier AOO of MDD and the remaining 18.5% reported the same AOO of both disorders. Women and previously married people had consistently elevated rates of lifetime and 12-month MDD as well as comorbid anxiety disorders. Consistently higher proportions of respondents with 12-month anxious than non-anxious MDD reported severe role impairment (64.4 v. 46.0%; χ 2 1 = 187.0, p < 0.001) and suicide ideation (19.5 v. 8.9%; χ 2 1 = 71.6, p < 0.001). Significantly more respondents with 12-month anxious than non-anxious MDD received treatment for their depression in the 12 months before interview, but this difference was more pronounced in high-income countries (68.8 v. 45.4%; χ 2 1 = 108.8, p < 0.001) than low/middle-income countries (30.3 v. 20.6%; χ 2 1 = 11.7, p < 0.001).

conclusionsPatterns and correlates of comorbid DSM-IV anxiety disorders among people with DSM-IV MDD are similar across WMH countries. The narrow IQR of the proportion of respondents with temporally prior AOO of anxiety disorders than comorbid MDD (69.6-74.7%) is especially noteworthy. However, the fact that these proportions are not higher among respondents with 12-month than lifetime comorbidity means that temporal priority between lifetime anxiety disorders and MDD is not related to MDD persistence among people with anxious MDD. This, in turn, raises complex questions about the relative importance of temporally primary anxiety disorders as risk markers v. causal risk factors for subsequent MDD onset and persistence, including the possibility that anxiety disorders might primarily be risk markers for MDD onset and causal risk factors for MDD persistence.

Indexed as

Anxious depressioncomorbidityepidemiology

Identifiers

PMID25720357
PMCPMC5129607
OpenAlexW1974820251

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.