ArticleScientific reports2015
Rapid preparation of rare ginsenosides by acid transformation and their structure-activity relationships against cancer cells.
Article in Scientific reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic potential of ginseng and ginsenosides on muscle wasting disorders: Cachexia, sarcopenia, anorexia, and aging.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Review
- The rise of dehydrated ginsenosides: phytochemistry and pharmacology.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- BlackenedMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Comparison of different ginsenosides with C-3 or C-6 sugar moieties on activities in alcohol-induced liver injury mice.Journal of ginseng research · 2025Article
- Ginseng Nanosizing: The Second Spring of Ginseng Therapeutic Applications.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Rare ginsenosides: A unique perspective of ginseng research.Journal of advanced research · 2024Review
- Methanol-involved heterogeneous transformation of ginsenoside Rb1 to rare ginsenosides using heteropolyacids embedded in mesoporous silica with HPLC-MS investigation.Journal of ginseng research · 2024Article
- Ginsenoside Rg5 as an anticancer drug: a comprehensive review on mechanisms, structure-activity relationship, and prospects for clinical advancement.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2024Review
- Enhanced production of ginsenoside compound K by synergistic conversion of fermentation withFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Amino Acid Derivatives of Ginsenoside AD-2 Induce HepG2 Cell Apoptosis by Affecting the Cytoskeleton.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- How to More Effectively Obtain Ginsenoside Rg5: Understanding Pathways of Conversion.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Enhancing the inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in H22 hepatoma cells through biotransformation of notoginsenoside R1 byRSC advances · 2023Article
- Structural-Activity Relationship of Rare Ginsenosides from Red Ginseng in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Saponins of ginseng products: a review of their transformation in processing.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Investigating the Anticancer Activity of G-Rh1 Using In Silico and In Vitro Studies (A549 Lung Cancer Cells).Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Production of Minor Ginsenoside CK from Major Ginsenosides by Biotransformation and Its Advances in Targeted Delivery to Tumor Tissues Using Nanoformulations.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Transcriptome Analysis of the Anti-Proliferative Effects of Ginsenoside Rh3 on HCT116 Colorectal Cancer Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Effect of the structure of ginsenosides on theAsian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2022Article
- Enzymatic bioconversion of ginseng powder increases the content of minor ginsenosides and potentiates immunostimulatory activity.Journal of ginseng research · 2022Article
- A review for discovering bioactive minor saponins and biotransformative metabolites inFrontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The anticancer activities of ginsenosides are widely reported. The structure-activity relationship of ginsenosides against cancer is not well elucidated because of the unavailability of these compounds. In this work, we developed a transformation method to rapidly produce rare dehydroxylated ginsenosides by acid treatment. The optimized temperature, time course, and concentration of formic acid were 120°C, 4 h and 0.01%, respectively. From 100 mg of Rh1, 8.3 mg of Rk3 and 18.7 mg of Rh4 can be produced by acid transformation. Similarly, from 100 mg of Rg3, 7.4 mg of Rk1 and 15.1 mg of Rg5 can be produced. From 100 mg of Rh2, 8.3 mg of Rk2 and 12.7 mg of Rh3 can be generated. Next, the structure-activity relationships of 23 ginsenosides were investigated by comparing their cytotoxic effects on six human cancer cells, including HCT-116, HepG2, MCF-7, Hela, PANC-1, and A549. The results showed that: (1) the cytotoxic effect of ginsenosides is inversely related to the sugar numbers; (2) sugar linkages rank as C-3 > C-6 > C-20; (3) the protopanaxadiol-type has higher activities; (4) having the double bond at the terminal C20-21 exhibits stronger activity than that at C20-22; and (5) 20(S)-ginsenosides show stronger effects than their 20(R)-stereoisomers.
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