ArticleAIDS (London, England)2015
High HIV burden among people who inject drugs in 15 Indian cities.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01686750 (A Cluster Randomized Trial of Integrated Care Centers to Improve Access to HIV Prevention, Testing, and Treatment Services Among High-Risk Vulnerable Populations in India), which is not on this map. Cited by 46 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Cluster Randomized Trial of Integrated Care Centers to Improve Access to HIV Prevention, Testing, and Treatment Services Among High-Risk Vulnerable Populations in India
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV among people who inject drugs in India: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- Homelessness, unstable housing, and risk of HIV and hepatitis C virus acquisition among people who inject drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Public health · 2021Pooled it
- Incarceration history and risk of HIV and hepatitis C virus acquisition among people who inject drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2018Pooled it
- Voucher incentives to improve viral suppression among HIV-positive people who inject drugs and men who have sex with men in India: a cluster randomised trial.The lancet. HIV · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Injection Drug Network Characteristics Are Important Markers of HIV Risk Behavior and Lack of Viral Suppression.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Trial
- Design of the Indian NCA study (Indian national collaboration on AIDS): a cluster randomized trial to evaluate the effectiveness of integrated care centers to improve HIV outcomes among men who have sex with men and persons who inject drugs in India.BMC health services research · 2016Trial
- Community viral load, antiretroviral therapy coverage, and HIV incidence in India: a cross-sectional, comparative study.The lancet. HIV · 2016Trial
- HIV care continuum among men who have sex with men and persons who inject drugs in India: barriers to successful engagement.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2015Trial
- What, how, and when matters: acceptability and preferences for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among people who inject drugs in New Delhi, India.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Geometric deep learning enables high-fidelity network imputation for HIV transmission modeling.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- An update on bloodborne viruses among people who inject drugs in South Asia.Harm reduction journal · 2026Review
- Characterizing non-fatal overdose among people who inject drugs in India: prevalence and risk factor analysis, 2022-2024.The International journal on drug policy · 2026Article
- Trajectories of medication for opioid use disorder and their impact on HIV testing among people who inject drugs in India: A longitudinal assessment of clinic-based data.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- The syndemic of incarceration, violence victimisation, needle/syringe sharing, & HIV infection: A population-based study of men who inject drugs in India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Expanding single-venue services to better engage young people who inject drugs: insights from India.Harm reduction journal · 2024Review
- Network-based strategies to combat HCV: Examining social and spatial drivers of transmission among PWID in New Delhi.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2024Article
- Injection network drivers of HIV prevention service utilization among people who inject drugs: results of a community-based sociometric network cohort in New Delhi, India.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Article
- Network centrality and HIV prevention service use among people who inject drugs: Findings from a sociometric network cohort in New Delhi, India.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2024Observational
- Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInjecting drug use has historically been the principal driver of the HIV epidemic in the northeast states of India. However, recent data indicate growing numbers of people who inject drugs (PWIDs) in north and central Indian cities.
methodsWe conducted face-to-face surveys among PWIDs in seven northeast and eight north/central Indian cities using respondent-driven sampling. We used a rapid HIV-testing protocol to identify seropositive individuals and multiassay algorithm to identify those with recent infection. We used multilevel regression models that incorporated sampling weights and had random intercepts for site to assess risk factors for prevalent and incident (recent) HIV infection.
resultsWe surveyed 14 481 PWIDs from 15 Indian cities between January and December 2013. Participants reported high rates of needle/syringe sharing. The median (site range) estimated HIV prevalence and incidence were 18.1% (5.9, 44.9) and 2.9 per 100 person-years (0, 12.4), respectively. HIV prevalence was higher in northeast sites, whereas HIV incidence was higher in north/central sites. The odds of prevalent HIV were over three-fold higher in women than in men. Other factors associated with HIV prevalence or incidence included duration since first injection, injection of pharmaceutical drugs, and needle/syringe sharing.
conclusionsThe burden of HIV infection is high among PWIDs in India, and may be increasing in cities where injecting drug use is emerging. Women who inject drugs were at substantially higher risk for HIV than men - a situation that may be mediated by dual injection-related and sexual risks.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.