ArticleEndocrinology2015
Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1; ERα), not ESR2 (ERβ), modulates estrogen-induced sex reversal in the American alligator, a species with temperature-dependent sex determination.
Article in Endocrinology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrated genome-wide association studies, meta-analysis, and Bayesian fine mapping reveal novel quantitative trait loci's and functional candidate genes for vulva traits in large white pigs.Journal of animal science · 2025Pooled it
- Gonadogenesis in the Bearded Dragon (Biology · 2026Article
- Supporting-like cells constitute an alternative steroidogenic lineage conserved in amniotes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Estrogen receptor and temperature independently influence sex determination in the red-eared slider turtle.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Article
- The effects of endogenous FSH and its receptor on oogenesis and folliculogenesis in female Alligator sinensis.BMC zoology · 2023Article
- Incubation temperature alters stripe formation and head colouration in American alligator hatchlings and is unaffected by estradiol-induced sex reversal.The Journal of experimental biology · 2023Article
- Genome-wide association study reveals genomic loci of sex differentiation and gonadal development inFrontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- Avian Sex Determination: A Chicken and Egg Conundrum.Sexual development : genetics, molecular biology, evolution, endocrinology, embryology, and pathology of sex determination and differentiation · 2023Review
- Genome-wide DNA methylation patterns harbour signatures of hatchling sex and past incubation temperature in a species with environmental sex determination.Molecular ecology · 2022Article
- Estrogen Receptor 1 (ESR1) Agonist Induces Ovarian Differentiation and Aberrant Müllerian Duct Development in the Chinese Soft-shelled Turtle,Zoological studies · 2020Article
- Oil Spills and Human Health: Contributions of the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative.GeoHealth · 2019Review
- Role for androgens in determination of ovarian fate in the common snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina.General and comparative endocrinology · 2019Article
- Evidence for Cross Species Extrapolation of Mammalian-Based High-Throughput Screening Assay Results.Environmental science & technology · 2018Article
- Shared and Species-Specific Patterns of Nascent Y Chromosome Evolution in Two Guppy Species.Genes · 2018Article
- Temperature fluctuations and maternal estrogens as critical factors for understanding temperature-dependent sex determination in nature.Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology · 2018Review
- Improved genome assembly of American alligator genome reveals conserved architecture of estrogen signaling.Genome research · 2017Article
- Article
- Integrative and comparative reproductive biology: From alligators to xenobiotics.General and comparative endocrinology · 2016Review
- Exposure the Hazardous Potential of Quinalphos: An In-Depth Analysis for Environmental and Biological Effects on Human Health.IET systems biologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
All crocodilians and many turtles exhibit temperature-dependent sex determination where the temperature of the incubated egg, during a thermo-sensitive period (TSP), determines the sex of the offspring. Estrogens play a critical role in sex determination in crocodilians and turtles, as it likely does in most nonmammalian vertebrates. Indeed, administration of estrogens during the TSP induces male to female sex reversal at a male-producing temperature (MPT). However, it is not clear how estrogens override the influence of temperature during sex determination in these species. Most vertebrates have 2 forms of nuclear estrogen receptor (ESR): ESR1 (ERα) and ESR2 (ERβ). However, there is no direct evidence concerning which ESR is involved in sex determination, because a specific agonist or antagonist for each ESR has not been tested in nonmammalian species. We identified specific pharmaceutical agonists for each ESR using an in vitro transactivation assay employing American alligator ESR1 and ESR2; these were 4,4',4''-(4-propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)trisphenol (PPT) and 7-bromo-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-ol (WAY 200070), respectively. Alligator eggs were exposed to PPT or WAY 200070 at a MPT just before the TSP, and their sex was examined at the last stage of embryonic development. Estradiol-17β and PPT, but not WAY 200070, induced sex reversal at a MPT. PPT-exposed embryos exposed to the highest dose (5.0 μg/g egg weight) exhibited enlargement and advanced differentiation of the Müllerian duct. These results indicate that ESR1 is likely the principal ESR involved in sex reversal as well as embryonic Müllerian duct survival and growth in American alligators.
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