ArticleAutophagy2015
A rapid and high content assay that measures cyto-ID-stained autophagic compartments and estimates autophagy flux with potential clinical applications.
Article in Autophagy, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 150 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Synthesis and cytotoxicity of novel cyanochalcones: induction of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy in HEP2 and MCF-7 cells.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Starvation of leukemic cells enhances DNA damage-induced apoptosis in vitro via ROS/p38 MAPK and prevents leukemia progression in fasting xenograft mice.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Hemp seed extract exerts cytostatic effects through metabolic stress and autophagy modulation in malignant cells.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Identification and functional characterization of splicing factors implicated in mantle cell lymphoma aggressiveness.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Linking autophagy to endothelial cell immunogenicity in transplant-associated ischemia-reperfusion injury.Transplant immunology · 2025Article
- Breast cancer cell coculture induces normal lung fibroblast transition to CAFs, promoting tumor cell dormancy and therapy resistance.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Impaired Autophagic Flux in Skeletal Muscle of Plectin-Related Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex With Muscular Dystrophy.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Article
- HGF Overexpression in Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Cell Sheets Enhances Autophagy-Dependent Cytoprotection and Proliferation to Guard the Epicardial Mesothelium.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Multi-omics study reveals differential expression and phosphorylation of autophagy-related proteins in autism spectrum disorder.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Procyanidin A1 from Peanut Skin Exerts Anti-Aging Effects and Attenuates Senescence via Antioxidative Stress and Autophagy Induction.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Triazine Analogs as Rad6 Inhibitors.Pharmaceutical research · 2025Article
- Measurement of Autophagic Activity in Cancer Cells with Flow Cytometric Analysis Using Cyto-ID Staining.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- 5-Fluorouracil induces apoptosis in nutritional deprived hepatocellular carcinoma through mitochondrial damage.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- PAX6-WNK2 Axis Governs Corneal Epithelial Homeostasis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Is Autophagy Targeting a Valid Adjuvant Strategy in Conjunction with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors?Cancers · 2024Review
- Distinct roles of core autophagy-related genes in zebrafish definitive hematopoiesis.Autophagy · 2024Article
- Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The lack of a rapid and quantitative autophagy assay has substantially hindered the development and implementation of autophagy-targeting therapies for a variety of human diseases. To address this critical issue, we developed a novel autophagy assay using the newly developed Cyto-ID fluorescence dye. We first verified that the Cyto-ID dye specifically labels autophagic compartments with minimal staining of lysosomes and endosomes. We then developed a new Cyto-ID fluorescence spectrophotometric assay that makes it possible to estimate autophagy flux based on measurements of the Cyto-ID-stained autophagic compartments. By comparing to traditional autophagy approaches, we found that this assay yielded a more sensitive, yet less variable, quantification of the stained autophagic compartments and the estimate of autophagy flux. Furthermore, we tested the potential application of this autophagy assay in high throughput research by integrating it into an RNA interference (RNAi) screen and a small molecule screen. The RNAi screen revealed WNK2 and MAP3K6 as autophagy-modulating genes, both of which inhibited the MTOR pathway. Similarly, the small molecule screen identified sanguinarine and actinomycin D as potent autophagy inducers in leukemic cells. Moreover, we successfully detected autophagy responses to kinase inhibitors and chloroquine in normal or leukemic mice using this assay. Collectively, this new Cyto-ID fluorescence spectrophotometric assay provides a rapid, reliable quantification of autophagic compartments and estimation of autophagy flux with potential applications in developing autophagy-related therapies and as a test to monitor autophagy responses in patients being treated with autophagy-modulating drugs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.