ArticlePsychiatric genetics2015
Tic symptom dimensions and their heritabilities in Tourette's syndrome.
Article in Psychiatric genetics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Identifying Distinct Tourette Disorder Subtypes using Clinical Data.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Advances in Clustering and Classification of Tic Disorders: A Systematic Review.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2024Review
- Clarifying the Differences between Patients with Organic Tics and Functional Tic-Like Behaviors.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Refractory Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome-Many Pieces That Define the Puzzle.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Review
- Empiric Recurrence Risk Estimates for Chronic Tic Disorders: Implications for Genetic Counseling.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Article
- Effects of comorbidity on Tourette's tic severity and quality of life.Acta neurologica Scandinavica · 2019Article
- Concordance of genetic variation that increases risk for tourette syndrome and that influences its underlying neurocircuitry.Translational psychiatry · 2019Article
- Autism Spectrum Symptoms in a Tourette's Disorder Sample.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2017Article
- Heritability of tic disorders: a twin-family study.Psychological medicine · 2017Article
- Tourette syndrome research highlights from 2016.F1000Research · 2017Review
- Article
- The relationship between tics, OC, ADHD and autism symptoms: A cross- disorder symptom analysis in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome patients and family-members.Psychiatry research · 2016Article
- Cross-Disorder Genetic Analysis of Tic Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Hoarding Symptoms.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2016Article
- Tourette syndrome research highlights 2015.F1000Research · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
introductionGilles de la Tourette's syndrome (TS) is both genotypically and phenotypically heterogeneous. Gene-finding strategies have had limited success, possibly because of symptom heterogeneity.
objectiveThis study aimed at specifically investigating heritabilities of tic symptom factors in a relatively large sample of TS patients and family members. PARTICIPANTS AND
methodsLifetime tic symptom data were collected in 494 diagnosed individuals in two cohorts of TS patients from the USA (n=273) and the Netherlands (n=221), and in 351 Dutch family members. Item-level factor analysis, using a tetrachoric correlation matrix in SAS (v9.2), was carried out on 23 tic symptoms from the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale.
resultsThree factors were identified explaining 49% of the total variance: factor 1, complex vocal tics and obscene behaviour; factor 2, body tics; and factor 3, head/neck tics. Using Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routine, moderate heritabilities were found for factor 1 (h2r=0.21) and factor 3 (h2r=0.25). Lower heritability was found for overall tic severity (h2r=0.19). Bivariate analyses indicated no genetic associations between tic factors.
conclusionThese findings suggest that (i) three tic factors can be discerned with a distinct underlying genetic architecture and that (ii) considering the low tic heritabilities found, only focusing on the narrow-sense TS phenotype and leaving out comorbidities that are part of the broader sense tic phenotype may lead to missing heritability. Although these findings need replication in larger independent samples, they might have consequences for future genetic studies in TS.
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