ArticlePloS one2015
Milk-derived tripeptides IPP (Ile-Pro-Pro) and VPP (Val-Pro-Pro) promote adipocyte differentiation and inhibit inflammation in 3T3-F442A cells.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Bioactive Peptides in Probiotic Fermented Foods: Structure-Activity Relationships and Cardiometabolic Protective Effects.Physiological research · 2026Review
- Valorization of Whey into a Bioactive Hydrolysate with ACE-Inhibitory Activity and Food Application Potential.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Microbiota-Driven Metabolic Alterations Induced by BPA, TDCPP and PFOA in an Ex Vivo Human Fecal Fermentation Model.Chemical research in toxicology · 2026Article
- Skim milk hydrolysate (SMH-AP) containing AVPYP and GLPQE ameliorates adipogenic lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells.Nutrition research and practice · 2026Article
- Regulation of infant gut microbiota and metabolic pathways by human milk oligosaccharides: a multi-omics investigation.RSC advances · 2026Article
- Sustainability-oriented recovery of antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory low-molecular-weight peptide fractions fromFrontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Review
- Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Bioactive Peptides: Their Role in Potential Therapeutic Applications for Periodontitis-A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Widely Targeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Developmental Shifts in Antioxidants and Functional Peptides inAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Unlocking Casein Bioactivity: Lactic Acid Bacteria and Molecular Strategies for Peptide Release.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Hawthorn leaf and its extract alleviate high-fat diet-induced obesity and modulate gut microbiome in mice.Current research in food science · 2025Article
- Preparation and Efficacy Evaluation of Antihyperuricemic Peptides from Marine Sources.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Tuna sidestream valorization: a circular blue bioeconomy approach.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2024Review
- Research on Bitter Peptides in the Field of Bioinformatics: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Effect of Bioactive Peptides on Gut Microbiota and Their Relations to Human Health.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Metabolic Syndrome and Biotherapeutic Activity of Dairy (Cow and Buffalo) Milk Proteins and Peptides: Fast Food-Induced Obesity Perspective-A Narrative Review.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Whey protein hydrolysates improve high-fat-diet-induced obesity by modulating the brain-peripheral axis of GLP-1 through inhibition of DPP-4 function in mice.European journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Sulfated and non-sulfated chondroitin affect the composition and metabolism of human colonic microbiota simulated in an in vitro fermentation system.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Casein Hydrolysate Alleviates Adipose Chronic Inflammation in High Fat-Diet Induced Obese C57BL/6J Mice through MAPK Pathway.Nutrients · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Milk derived tripeptides IPP (Ile-Pro-Pro) and VPP (Val-Pro-Pro) have shown promise as anti-hypertensive agents due to their inhibitory effects on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Due to the key inter-related roles of hypertension, chronic inflammation and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, there is growing interest in investigating established anti-hypertensive agents for their effects on insulin sensitivity and inflammation. In this study, we examined the effects of IPP and VPP on 3T3-F442A murine pre-adipocytes, a widely used model for studying metabolic diseases. We found that both IPP and VPP induced beneficial adipogenic differentiation as manifested by intracellular lipid accumulation, upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and secretion of the protective lipid hormone adiponectin by these cells. The observed effects were similar to those induced by insulin, suggesting potential benefits in the presence of insulin resistance. IPP and VPP also inhibited cytokine induced pro-inflammatory changes such as reduction in adipokine levels and activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Taken together, our findings suggest that IPP and VPP exert insulin-mimetic adipogenic effects and prevent inflammatory changes in adipocytes, which may offer protection against metabolic disease.
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