Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25713707›Full record

ArticleClinical kidney journal2015

Low concentrations of citrate reduce complement and granulocyte activation in vitro in human blood.

Shan Huang, Kerstin Sandholm, Nina Jonsson, Anders Nilsson, Anders Wieslander, Gunilla Grundström, Viktoria Hancock, Kristina N Ekdahl

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical kidney journal, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
1.1field-weighted citation impact, top 24% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Shan HuangLinnæus Center for Biomaterials Chemistry , Linnæus University , Kalmar , Sweden.
Kerstin SandholmLinnæus Center for Biomaterials Chemistry , Linnæus University , Kalmar , Sweden.
Nina JonssonLinnæus Center for Biomaterials Chemistry , Linnæus University , Kalmar , Sweden ; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Rudbeck Laboratory C5:3 , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden.
Anders NilssonGambro Lundia AB , Lund , Sweden.
Anders WieslanderGambro Lundia AB , Lund , Sweden.
Gunilla GrundströmGambro Lundia AB , Lund , Sweden.
Viktoria HancockGambro Lundia AB , Lund , Sweden.
Kristina N EkdahlLinnæus Center for Biomaterials Chemistry , Linnæus University , Kalmar , Sweden ; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Rudbeck Laboratory C5:3 , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden.
Ideon Innovation (Sweden) · SELinnaeus University · SE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe use of acetate in haemodialysis fluids may induce negative effects in patients including nausea and increased inflammation. Therefore, haemodialysis fluids where acetate is substituted with citrate have recently been developed. In this study, we investigated the biocompatibility of citrate employing concentrations used in haemodialysis.

methodsThe effects of citrate and acetate were investigated in human whole blood in vitro under conditions promoting biomaterial-induced activation. Complement activation was measured as generation of C3a, C5a and the sC5b-9 complex, and granulocyte activation as up-regulation of CD11b expression. For the experimental set-up, a mathematical model was created to calculate the concentrations of acetate and citrate attained during haemodialysis.

resultsCitrate reduced granulocyte activation and did not induce higher complement activation compared with acetate at concentrations attained during haemodialysis. Investigating different citrate concentrations clearly showed that citrate is a potent complement inhibitor already at low concentrations, i.e. 0.25 mM, which is comparable with concentrations detected in the blood of patients during dialysis with citrate-containing fluids. Increased citrate concentration up to 6 mM further reduced the activation of C3a, C5a and sC5b-9, as well as the expression of CD11b.

conclusionsOur results suggest that citrate is a promising substitute for acetate for a more biocompatible dialysis, most likely resulting in less adverse effects for the patients.

Indexed as

acetatebiocompatibilitycitratecomplementhaemodialysis

Identifiers

PMID25713707
PMCPMC4310429
OpenAlexW2146270281

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.