ArticleJournal of human kinetics2014
Intracyclic velocity variation and arm coordination for different skilled swimmers in the front crawl.
Article in Journal of human kinetics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- From acute responses to long-term monitoring: a scoping review of the reliability and validity of biomechanical and physiological assessment tools in elite and highly trained swimmers.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Pooled it
- Intra-Cyclic Variation of Velocity in Swimming: Association and Consistency Between the Most-Used Measurements.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in three-dimensional intra-cycle velocity fluctuation and performance during freestyle swimming among high-level swimmers.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Analyzing Breathing Patterns in the Breaststroke Technique Through Dual-Media Kinematics and Fractal Dimension.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Insights on the Selection of the Coefficient of Variation to Assess Speed Fluctuation in Swimming.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Article
- Association between the Upper Quarter Dynamic Balance, Anthropometrics, Kinematics, and Swimming Speed.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2023Article
- Froude Efficiency and Velocity Fluctuation in Forearm-Amputee Front Crawl: Implications for Para Swimming Classification.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2023Article
- Identifying Differences in Swimming Speed Fluctuation in Age-Group Swimmers by Statistical Parametric Mapping: A Biomechanical Assessment for Performance Development.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2023Article
- Intracycle Velocity Variation in Swimming: A Systematic Scoping Review.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Velocity Variability and Performance in Backstroke in Elite and Good-Level Swimmers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether the intracyclic velocity variation (IVV) was lower in elite swimmers than in beginner swimmers at various velocities, and whether differences may be related to arm coordination. Seven elite and nine beginner male swimmers swam front crawl at four different swimming velocities (maximal velocity, 75%, 85%, and 95% of maximal swimming velocity). The index of arm coordination (IDC) was calculated as the lag time between the propulsive phases of each arm. IVV was determined from the coefficient of variation of horizontal velocity within one stroke cycle. IVV for elite swimmers was significantly lower (26%) than that for beginner swimmers at all swimming velocities (p<0.01, 7.28 1.25% vs. 9.80 1.70%, respectively). In contrast, the IDC was similar between elite and beginner swimmers. These data suggest that IVV is a strong predictor of the skill level for front crawl, and that elite swimmers have techniques to decrease IVV. However, the IDC does not contribute to IVV differences between elite and beginner swimmers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.