ArticleEuropean journal of dentistry
The effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the prevalence of oral manifestation in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in Karnataka, India.
Article in European journal of dentistry. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral manifestations in HIV-positive individuals under highly active antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence data.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment Outcomes in Patients with HIV Under Antiretroviral Therapy: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- HIV-Related Oral Mucosa Lesions: A Cross-Sectional Study on a Cohort of Italian Patients.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Review on oral mucosal lesions in HIV patients with and without highly HAART.Bioinformation · 2024Article
- Oral hyperpigmentation as an adverse effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV patients: A systematic review and pooled prevalence.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2023Review
- Assessment of oral mucosal lesions among HIV positive transgenders residing in Odisha with and without Antiretroviral therapy.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
- A systematic review of four decades of prevalence of oral soft tissue infections and conditions among adult HIV patients in India.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Review
- Oral lymphangioma-like Kaposi sarcoma: a Brazilian case report in a scenario of a still high number of HIV infections.Oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2022Article
- Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: Treatment and Management.Dermatology practical & conceptual · 2021Review
- Oral health related quality of life among HIV positive patients attending two HIV outpatient clinics in Nigeria - a cross sectional study.African health sciences · 2021Article
- Orofacial lesions associated with long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-seropositive adults in Ibadan, Nigeria.The Pan African medical journal · 2021Article
- Prevalence of oromucosal lesions in HIV positive patients receiving haart-A prospective clinical study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2020Article
- Oral Manifestations in HIV-Positive Children: A Systematic Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Evaluation and Comparison of Total Antioxidant Capacity of Saliva Between Patients with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis and Healthy Subjects.The open dentistry journal · 2018Article
- A relationship between CD4 count and oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in urban population.Journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology : JOMFPArticle
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a highly lethal, progressively epidemic viral infection characterized by profound impairment of the immune system. Oral manifestations are common in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected AIDS patients, and are usually the first indicator of symptom and disease progression. The main objective of the current study was to compare the prevalence of oral manifestations in HIV patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) with those, not on HAART therapies. MATERIALS AND
methodsA cross sectional study was conducted among 100 patients diagnosed as human immune virus sero-positive. These patients were divided equally into two groups (50 each); Group I patients on HAART and Group II patients who were not on HAART. Information regarding age, sex and cluster of differentiation 4 cell count was obtained from the medical records. Oral examination was done, and findings were recorded by using internationally accepted presumptive clinical criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square statistical test.
resultsThe presence of oral manifestations was significantly decreased in subjects on HAART (32%) compared to those who are not on HAART (56%). The most common oral lesions detected in patients on HAART were increased oral hyper-pigmentation (14%), recurrent aphthous stomatitis (8%), non-specific ulcerations (4%), pseudo-membranous candidiasis (2%), periodontitis (2%) and xerostomia (2%), whereas in non HAART oral hyperpigmentation (10%), pseudo-membranous candidiasis (8%), angular cheilitis (4%), and erythematous candidiasis (4%) and Periodontitis (14%) were more prevalent.
conclusionThe number and severity of oral manifestation decreased, and even there was a change in the type of oral manifestations on HAART, which may be because of the improvement in immunity gained by the therapy.
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