ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015
Initial viral load determines the magnitude of the human CD8 T cell response to yellow fever vaccination.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers.
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Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed.
- Vaccine-induced T cell responses control Orthoflavivirus challenge infection without neutralizing antibodies in humans.Nature microbiology · 2025Trial
- SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses and correlations with COVID-19 patient predisposition.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Trial
- The SATvac model of CD8+ T cell expansion and contraction phases considering memory and effector cell differentiation.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Lessons from neoadjuvant immunotherapy in melanoma: understanding antitumour immunity and tumour escape.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Immunoprevention and immunomodulation of yellow fever: A scoping review of global and Latin American evidence.PloS one · 2026Article
- Immunological and transcriptomic profile of chimeric live-attenuated Zika vaccine linked to protection in non-human primates.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Endothelial leak and knowledge gaps: yellow fever virus non-structural protein 1 and the antibodies that bind it.Virology journal · 2025Review
- Regulation of CD45 isoforms during human effector and memory CD8 T cell differentiation: Implications for T cell nomenclature.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Human T Cell Responses to Flavivirus Vaccines.European journal of immunology · 2025Review
- Dynamic changes in immune cell subsets in blood and lymph node over the course of acute HIV infection.Journal of virus eradication · 2025Article
- Immunogenicity and cellular response of a herpes zoster virus gEgI fusion protein adjuvanted with CpG-emulsion in mice.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Interferon-induced activation of dendritic cells and monocytes by yellow fever vaccination correlates with early antibody responses.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial hyperactivity and reactive oxygen species drive innate immunity to the yellow fever virus-17D live-attenuated vaccine.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Non-AUG HIV-1 uORF translation elicits specific T cell immune response and regulates viral transcript expression.Nature communications · 2025Article
- T cell-mediated protection in absence of virus neutralizing antibodies.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Transforming vaccinology.Cell · 2024Review
- Electron transport chain capacity expands yellow fever vaccine immunogenicity.EMBO molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Feasibility of Using a Type I IFN-Based Non-Animal Approach to Predict Vaccine Efficacy and Safety Profiles.Vaccines · 2024Review
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
CD8 T cells are a potent tool for eliminating intracellular pathogens and tumor cells. Thus, eliciting robust CD8 T-cell immunity is the basis for many vaccines under development. However, the relationship between antigen load and the magnitude of the CD8 T-cell response is not well-described in a human immune response. Here we address this issue by quantifying viral load and the CD8 T-cell response in a cohort of 80 individuals immunized with the live attenuated yellow fever vaccine (YFV-17D) by sampling peripheral blood at days 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 30, and 90. When the virus load was below a threshold (peak virus load < 225 genomes per mL, or integrated virus load < 400 genome days per mL), the magnitude of the CD8 T-cell response correlated strongly with the virus load (R(2) ∼ 0.63). As the virus load increased above this threshold, the magnitude of the CD8 T-cell responses saturated. Recent advances in CD8 T-cell-based vaccines have focused on replication-incompetent or single-cycle vectors. However, these approaches deliver relatively limited amounts of antigen after immunization. Our results highlight the requirement that T-cell-based vaccines should deliver sufficient antigen during the initial period of the immune response to elicit a large number of CD8 T cells that may be needed for protection.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.