Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25712996›Full record

ArticleDiabetes2015

Age- and sex-specific causal effects of adiposity on cardiovascular risk factors.

Tove Fall, Sara Hägg, Alexander Ploner, Reedik Mägi, Krista Fischer, Harmen H M Draisma, Antti-Pekka Sarin, Beben Benyamin, Claes Ladenvall, Mikael Åkerlund and 79 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
8.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

89 authors at 20 institutions in 12 countries.

Tove FallDepartment of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Sara HäggDepartment of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Alexander PlonerDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Reedik MägiEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Krista FischerEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Harmen H M DraismaDepartment of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Antti-Pekka SarinInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Beben BenyaminQueensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Claes LadenvallDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Mikael ÅkerlundDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Mart KalsEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Tõnu EskoEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA The Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
Christopher P NelsonLeicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, National Institute for Health Research, Leicester, U.K. Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, U.K.
Marika KaakinenInstitute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Ville HuikariInstitute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Massimo ManginoDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, U.K.
Aline MeirhaegheINSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL, France.
Kati KristianssonDepartment of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Marja-Liisa NuotioDepartment of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Michael KoblInstitute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Harald GrallertResearch Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.
Abbas DehghanDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Maris KuningasDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Inspectorate for Health Care, the Hague, the Netherlands.
Paul S de VriesDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Renée F A G de BruijnDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Sara M WillemsDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Kauko HeikkiläDepartment of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Karri SilventoinenDepartment of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Kirsi H PietiläinenInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki Finland Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
Vanessa LegryINSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL, France.
Vilmantas GiedraitisDepartment of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Louisa GoumidiINSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL, France.
Ann-Christine SyvänenDepartment of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Konstantin StrauchInstitute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.
Wolfgang KoenigDepartment of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
Peter LichtnerInstitut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Christian HerderInstitute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, partner Düsseldorf, Germany.
Aarno PalotieInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland The Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
Cristina MenniDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, U.K.
André G UitterlindenDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherland.
Kari KuulasmaaDepartment of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Aki S HavulinnaDepartment of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Luis A MorenoGrowth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, Department of Physiatry and Nursery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Spain.
Marcela Gonzalez-GrossImFine Research Group, Departamento de Salud y Rendimiento Humano, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Alun EvansCentre for Public Health, the Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K.
David-Alexandre TregouetTeam Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie of Paris 06, UMRS 1166, Paris, France Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMRS 1166, Paris, France Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France.
John W G YarnellCentre for Public Health, the Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K.
Jarmo VirtamoDepartment of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Jean FerrièresDepartment of Cardiology, Toulouse University School of Medicine, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France.
Giovanni VeronesiResearch Center on Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
Markus PerolaDepartment of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Dominique ArveilerDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Strasbourg and University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
Paolo BrambillaDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
Lars LindDepartment of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Jaakko KaprioInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Albert HofmanDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Bruno H StrickerDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Inspectorate for Health Care, the Hague, the Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherland.
Cornelia M van DuijnDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
M Arfan IkramDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Oscar H FrancoDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Dominique CottelINSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL, France.
Jean DallongevilleINSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL, France.
Alistair S HallLeeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K.
Antti JulaPopulation Studies Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland.
Martin D TobinDepartment of Health Sciences and Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K.
Brenda W PenninxThe EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Annette PetersInstitute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Christian GiegerInstitute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Nilesh J SamaniLeicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, National Institute for Health Research, Leicester, U.K. Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, U.K.
Grant W MontgomeryQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
John B WhitfieldQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Nicholas G MartinQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Leif GroopInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Tim D SpectorDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, U.K.
Patrik K MagnussonDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Philippe AmouyelINSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL, France.
Dorret I BoomsmaDepartment of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Peter M NilssonDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Marjo-Riitta JärvelinInstitute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medical Research Council Health Protection Agency, Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, U.K. Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
Valeriya LyssenkoDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark.
Andres MetspaluEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
David P StrachanSt. George's, University of London, London, U.K.
Veikko SalomaaDepartment of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Samuli RipattiInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
Nancy L PedersenDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Inga ProkopenkoWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, U.K. Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
Mark I McCarthyWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K.
Erik IngelssonDepartment of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. erik.ingelsson@medsci.uu.se.
ENGAGE Consortium
Erasmus MC · NLFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare · FIInserm · FRHelmholtz Zentrum München · DEUniversity of Helsinki · FIUppsala University · SEUniversity of Tartu · EEAmsterdam Public Health · NLCentre for Human Genetics · GBKarolinska Institutet · SEKing's College London · GBLund University · SEQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute · AUBroad Institute · USDutch Health Care Inspectorate · NLUniversity of Oulu · FIDepartamento de Salud · ESDeutsches Diabetes-Zentrum e.V. · DEHôpital Rangueil · FROulu University Hospital · FI

Funding

NIMH Center Repository Supporting Stem Cell ResearchU24MH068457 · NIMH · RUTGERS THE ST UNIV OF NJ NEW BRUNSWICK · PI BRZUSTOWICZ, LINDA M, KNOWLES, JAMES A · 2003 to 2024
$213.8M
Type 1 Diabetes Genetics ConsortiumU01DK062418 · NIDDK · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI RICH, STEPHEN S. · 2002 to 2007
$59.8M
Integration of Genomics & Transcriptomics in Normal Twins & Major DepressionRC2MH089951 · NIMH · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI SULLIVAN, PATRICK F · 2009 to 2010
$6.5M
Genetics of cardiovascular risk factors in large founder population birth controlR01HL087679 · NHLBI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI HIRSCHHORN, JOEL N · 2007 to 2009
$4.0M
Genomics of Developmental Trajectories in TwinsRC2MH089995 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT & ST AGRIC COLLEGE · PI HUDZIAK, JAMES J. · 2009 to 2010
$3.8M
Genetic Influences on ADHD in a Finnish Birth CohortR01MH063706 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI SMALLEY, SUSAN L · 2001 to 2005
$3.3M
VARIATION IN THE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON LIVER FUNCTIONR01AA014041 · NIAAA · QUEENSLAND INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH · PI WHITFIELD, JOHN B · 2003 to 2007
$2.1M
Whole Genome Assoc. Analysis Strategies for Multi. PhenotypesRL1MH083268 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI FREIMER, NELSON B. · 2007 to 2011
$2.1M
Major Depression: Stage 1 Genomewide Association in Population-Based SamplesR01MH081802 · NIMH · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI SULLIVAN, PATRICK F · 2007 to 2007
$138k
U S-FINLAND STUDIES OF NUTRITION AND CANCERN01CN045165 · CN · NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE · PI HEINONEN, O · 1985 to 1996
–
PERSISTENCE &CHANGE IN DRINKING HABITS: TWIN STUDYR01AA007535 · NIAAA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI HEATH, ANDREW C. · 1989 to 1996
–
British Heart FoundationCCR NIH HHS N01 RC037004CCR NIH HHS N01-RC-45035Medical Research Council G0000934Medical Research Council G0500539Medical Research Council G0600705Medical Research Council G0902313Medical Research Council G1001799Medical Research Council MR/L01629X/1Medical Research Council MR/N01104X/1NCI NIH HHS N01 CN045165NHLBI NIH HHS 5R01HL087679-02NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL087679NIAAA NIH HHS AA-014041NIAAA NIH HHS AA-07535NIAAA NIH HHS AA-10248NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA007535NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA014041NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK062418NIDDK NIH HHS U01-DK-062418NIMH NIH HHS 1RC2-MH-089951-01NIMH NIH HHS 1RC2-MH-089995-01NIMH NIH HHS 5R01MH63706-02NIMH NIH HHS MH-081802NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH063706NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH081802NIMH NIH HHS RC2 MH089951NIMH NIH HHS RC2MH089951NIMH NIH HHS RC2 MH089995NIMH NIH HHS RL1 MH083268NIMH NIH HHS U24 MH068457NIMH NIH HHS U24-MH-068457-06PHS HHS R01-D0042157-01AWellcome TrustWellcome Trust 068545/Z/02Wellcome Trust 079895Wellcome Trust 090532Wellcome Trust 098381Wellcome Trust 76113/B/04/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Observational studies have reported different effects of adiposity on cardiovascular risk factors across age and sex. Since cardiovascular risk factors are enriched in obese individuals, it has not been easy to dissect the effects of adiposity from those of other risk factors. We used a Mendelian randomization approach, applying a set of 32 genetic markers to estimate the causal effect of adiposity on blood pressure, glycemic indices, circulating lipid levels, and markers of inflammation and liver disease in up to 67,553 individuals. All analyses were stratified by age (cutoff 55 years of age) and sex. The genetic score was associated with BMI in both nonstratified analysis (P = 2.8 × 10(-107)) and stratified analyses (all P < 3.3 × 10(-30)). We found evidence of a causal effect of adiposity on blood pressure, fasting levels of insulin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in a nonstratified analysis and in the <55-year stratum. Further, we found evidence of a smaller causal effect on total cholesterol (P for difference = 0.015) in the ≥55-year stratum than in the <55-year stratum, a finding that could be explained by biology, survival bias, or differential medication. In conclusion, this study extends previous knowledge of the effects of adiposity by providing sex- and age-specific causal estimates on cardiovascular risk factors.

Indexed as

AdiposityAgingBlood PressureCardiovascular DiseasesCholesterol, HDLC-Reactive ProteinFemaleHumansInsulinInterleukin-6MaleMiddle AgedSex FactorsTriglyceridesCholesterol, HDLC-Reactive ProteinInsulinInterleukin-6Triglycerides

Identifiers

PMID25712996
PMCPMC4407863
OpenAlexW2151751171

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.