SynthesisThe Journal of infectious diseases2015
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Seroprevalence of Influenza A(H9N2) Infection Among Humans.
Synthesis in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Seroprevalence of H7N9 infection among humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2020Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Practices Exposing Humans to Avian Influenza Viruses, Their Prevalence, and Rationale.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2017Pooled it
- Epidemiological features of influenza circulation in swine populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Seroprevalence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Genetic and Pathogenicity Studies of Avian Influenza (H9N2) Virus Isolated from Chickens in Jiangsu Province, China, in 2025.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- A Cross-Sectional Virological and Sero-Epidemiological Study of Exposures to Avian Influenza A(H5N1) and A(H9N2) Viruses in Live Bird Market Workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- Clade 2.3.4.4b but not historical clade 1 HA replicating RNA vaccine protects against bovine H5N1 challenge in mice.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Preparedness, prevention and control related to zoonotic avian influenza.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025Article
- High Prevalence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza: A Virus in Vietnam's Live Bird Markets.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Molecular characterization of the whole genome of H9N2 avian influenza virus isolated from Egyptian poultry farms.Archives of virology · 2024Article
- Review
- Enhanced pathogenicity and transmissibility of H9N2 avian influenza virus in mammals by hemagglutinin mutations combined with PB2-627K.Virologica Sinica · 2023Article
- Protective Efficacy of H9N2 Avian Influenza Vaccines Inactivated by Ionizing Radiation Methods Administered by the Parenteral or Mucosal Routes.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- H9N2 virus-derived M1 protein promotes H5N6 virus release in mammalian cells: Mechanism of avian influenza virus inter-species infection in humans.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Avian Influenza in Wild Birds and Poultry: Dissemination Pathways, Monitoring Methods, and Virus Ecology.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Molecular characteristics of the H9N2 avian influenza viruses in live poultry markets in Anhui Province, China, 2013 to 2018.Health science reports · 2021Article
- Proximity ligation assay: an ultrasensitive method for protein quantification and its applications in pathogen detection.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2021Review
- Assessing the efficacy of a recombinant H9N2 avian influenza virus-inactivated vaccine.Poultry science · 2020Article
- H9 Influenza Viruses: An Emerging Challenge.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2020Review
- Fourth meeting of the Eastern Mediterranean Acute Respiratory Infection Surveillance (EMARIS) network and first scientific conference on acute respiratory infections in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 11-14 December, 2017, Amman, Jordan.Journal of infection and public health · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionGiven that influenza A(H9N2) is recognized as a pandemic threat, we evaluated the overall burden of influenza A(H9N2) infections among avian-exposed human populations.
methodsWe performed a systematic search of PubMed, AGRICOLA, and CAB Abstracts databases for literature published during 1997-2013. Studies reporting serological evidence of human influenza A(H9N2) infection among avian-exposed populations were included. We used a World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended case definition for serological evidence of infection based on results of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and microneutralization (MN) assays. We calculated overall seroprevalence through a random effects meta-analysis model.
resultsSeroprevalence data reported by the studies ranged from 1% to 43% (median, 9%) by HI, which was not significantly different from the seroprevalence estimated through the WHO-recommended case definition (median, 1.3%; range, 0.5%-42.6%). Reported seroprevalence by MN ranged from 0.6% to 9% (median, 2.7%), which was greater than the seroprevalence estimated through the WHO-recommended case definition (median, 0.3%; range, 0.1%-1.4%).
conclusionsA small proportion of avian-exposed humans had evidence of influenza A(H9N2) infection. As the virus has a near global distribution in poultry, it seems likely that present surveillance efforts are missing mild or asymptomatic infections among avian-exposed persons. It seems prudent to closely monitor avian-exposed populations for influenza A(H9N2) infection to provide prepandemic warnings.
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