ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2015
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor-CXCR4 is the dominant chemotactic axis in human mesenchymal stem cell recruitment to tumors.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 155 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunomodulatory-osteogenic dual-functional nanofibers augment screw anchorage in osteoporotic bone.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- The CXCL12-CXCR4 axis in colorectal cancer: immune regulation, metastatic progression, and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- How the Fibrotic Lung Microenvironment Regulates Stem Cell Behavior: Immune Cues, Extracellular Matrix Remodeling, and Therapeutic Implications.Analytical cellular pathology (Amsterdam) · 2026Review
- In-depth insight into tumor-infiltrating stromal cells linked to tertiary lymphoid structures and their prospective function in cancer immunotherapy.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- CXCR4/CXCL12 axis promotes lymphatic metastasis in tongue squamous cell carcinoma via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- The multifaced role of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor family in organ fibrosis.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2025Review
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cancer Therapy.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- The VEGF-Mediated Cytoprotective Ability of MIF-Licensed Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in House Dust Mite-Induced Epithelial Damage.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Mesenchymal stem cell origin contributes to the antitumor effect of oncolytic virus carriers.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2024Article
- Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Treatment for Cancers: Opportunities, Clinical Applications and Challenges.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2024Review
- WISP1 and Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Respiratory Inflammation: Novel Insights and Therapeutic Potentials for Asthma and COPD.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- EAF2 Downregulation Recruits Tumor-associated Macrophages in Prostate Cancer through Upregulation of MIF.Biological procedures online · 2024Article
- Review
- Tumor-tropic Trojan horses: Using mesenchymal stem cells as cellular nanotheranostics.Theranostics · 2024Review
- Single-cell RNA-Seq Elucidates the Crosstalk Between Cancer Stem Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Journal of Cancer · 2024Article
- Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Priming of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Acute Lung Injury by Inducing Regulatory T Cells.Immune network · 2023Article
- Human macrophage migration inhibitory factor potentiates mesenchymal stromal cell efficacy in a clinically relevant model of allergic asthma.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2023Article
- Integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing reveals the poor prognostic value of ABCA1 in gastric adenocarcinoma.Discover oncology · 2023Article
- The Dual Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cancer Pathophysiology: Pro-Tumorigenic Effects versus Therapeutic Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- TGFβJournal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2023Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are inherently tumor homing and can be isolated, expanded, and transduced, making them viable candidates for cell therapy. This tumor tropism has been used to deliver anticancer therapies to various tumor models. In this study, we sought to discover which molecules are the key effectors of human MSC tumor homing in vitro and using an in vivo murine model. In this study, we discover a novel role for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as the key director of MSC migration and infiltration toward tumor cells. We have shown this major role for MIF using in vitro migration and invasion assays, in presence of different receptor inhibitors and achieving a drastic decrease in both processes using MIF inhibitor. Additionally, we demonstrate physical interaction between MIF and three receptors: CXCR2, CXCR4, and CD74. CXCR4 is the dominant receptor used by MIF in the homing tumor context, although some signaling is observed through CXCR2. We demonstrate downstream activation of the MAPK pathway necessary for tumor homing. Importantly, we show that knockdown of either CXCR4 or MIF abrogates MSC homing to tumors in an in vivo pulmonary metastasis model, confirming the in vitro two-dimensional and three-dimensional assays. This improved understanding of MSC tumor tropism will further enable development of novel cellular therapies for cancers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.