Trial reportHIV medicine2015
Global HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance in the INSIGHT Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) trial.
Trial report in HIV medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guideline
- Antivirotics based on defective interfering particles: emerging concepts and challenges.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Prevalence of major INSTI and HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in pre- and antiretroviral-treated patients in Indonesia.Narra J · 2024Article
- Article
- Development of a multiassay algorithm (MAA) to identify recent HIV infection in newly diagnosed individuals in Indonesia.iScience · 2023Article
- Epidemiological and molecular characterization of HBV and HCV infections in HIV-1-infected inmate population in Italy: a 2017-2019 multicenter cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Sustained HIV Viral Suppression With Dolutegravir, Tenofovir, and Emtricitabine as Initial Therapy Despite High-Level Transmitted Multiclass Resistance.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Article
- An Update on Antiretroviral Therapy.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Article
- Rates of HIV-1 virological suppression and patterns of acquired drug resistance among fisherfolk on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Uganda.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2019Article
- The urgent need for more potent antiretroviral therapy in low-income countries to achieve UNAIDS 90-90-90 and complete eradication of AIDS by 2030.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2019Article
- Virological outcomes of boosted protease inhibitor-based first-line ART in subjects harbouring thymidine analogue-associated mutations as the sole form of transmitted drug resistance.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2019Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance: 2018 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA Panel.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
- Primary HIV Drug Resistance among Recently Infected Cases of HIV in North-West India.AIDS research and treatment · 2019Article
- Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 Virus in Puerto Rico: Novel Cases of HIV-1 Subtype C, D, and CRF-24BG.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2018Article
- HIV-1 persistent viremia is frequently followed by episodes of low-level viremia.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2017Article
- National molecular surveillance of recently acquired HIV infections in Germany, 2013 to 2014.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2017Article
- Upward trends of acquired drug resistances in Ethiopian HIV-1C isolates: A decade longitudinal study.PloS one · 2017Article
- Article
- Decreasing prevalence of transmitted drug resistance among ART-naive HIV-1-infected patients in Iceland, 1996-2012.Infection ecology & epidemiology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 9 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesHIV-1 transmitted drug resistance (TDR) in treatment-naïve individuals is a well-described phenomenon. Baseline genotypic resistance testing is considered standard of care in most developed areas of the world. The aim of this analysis was to characterize HIV-1 TDR and the use of resistance testing in START trial participants.
methodsIn the Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) trial, baseline genotypic resistance testing results were collected at study entry and analysed centrally to determine the prevalence of TDR in the study population. Resistance was based on a modified 2009 World Health Organization definition to reflect newer resistance mutations.
resultsBaseline resistance testing was available in 1946 study participants. Higher rates of testing occurred in Europe (86.7%), the USA (81.3%) and Australia (89.9%) as compared with Asia (22.2%), South America (1.8%) and Africa (0.1%). The overall prevalence of TDR was 10.1%, more commonly to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (4.5%) and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (4%) compared with protease inhibitors (2.8%). The most frequent TDR mutations observed were M41L, D67N/G/E, T215F/Y/I/S/C/D/E/V/N, 219Q/E/N/R, K103N/S, and G190A/S/E in reverse transcriptase, and M46I/L and L90M in protease. By country, the prevalence of TDR was highest in Australia (17.5%), France (16.7%), the USA (12.6%) and Spain (12.6%). No participant characteristics were identified as predictors of the presence of TDR.
conclusionsSTART participants enrolled in resource-rich areas of the world were more likely to have baseline resistance testing. In Europe, the USA and Australia, TDR prevalence rates varied by country.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.