ArticleEukaryotic cell2015
Yeast β-1,6-glucan is a primary target for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae K2 toxin.
Article in Eukaryotic cell, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Alanine scanning of the yeast killer toxin K2 reveals key residues for activity, gain-of-function variants, and supports prediction of precursor processing and 3D structure.Journal of structural biology: X · 2026Article
- Extrachromosomally co-encoded toxin-immunity pairs in yeast and their application potential.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Article
- Toxic and useful: harnessing yeast killer toxins for product recovery.Microbial cell factories · 2026Article
- Transcriptional Response of Durum Wheat During Interaction withInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- A Comprehensive Structural and Functional Analysis ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Mucoricin binding to β-glucan sites on germinating Mucorales spores disrupts neutrophil swarming to promote pathogenicity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Bioprotection withMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Profiles of Killer Systems and Volatile Organic Compounds of Rowanberry and Rosehip-Inhabiting Yeasts Substantiate Implications for Biocontrol.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The KillerMicroorganisms · 2024Review
- The Viral K1 Killer Yeast System: Toxicity, Immunity, and Resistance.Yeast (Chichester, England) · 2024Review
- Expression of the K74 Killer Toxin from Saccharomyces paradoxus Is Modulated by the Toxin-Encoding M74 Double-Stranded RNA 5' Untranslated Terminal Region.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2022Article
- Vaginal Isolates of Candida glabrata Are Uniquely Susceptible to Ionophoric Killer Toxins Produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2021Article
- Specificity Determination inMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Killer Yeasts for the Biological Control of Postharvest Fungal Crop Diseases.Microorganisms · 2020Review
- Biocontrol yeasts: mechanisms and applications.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2019Review
- Dynamic modelling of the killing mechanism of action by virus-infected yeasts.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2019Article
- Potential of Yeasts as Biocontrol Agents of the Phytopathogen Causing CacaoFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Review
- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Certain Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains secrete different killer proteins of double-stranded-RNA origin. These proteins confer a growth advantage to their host by increasing its survival. K2 toxin affects the target cell by binding to the cell surface, disrupting the plasma membrane integrity, and inducing ion leakage. In this study, we determined that K2 toxin saturates the yeast cell surface receptors in 10 min. The apparent amount of K2 toxin, bound to a single cell of wild type yeast under saturating conditions, was estimated to be 435 to 460 molecules. It was found that an increased level of β-1,6-glucan directly correlates with the number of toxin molecules bound, thereby impacting the morphology and determining the fate of the yeast cell. We observed that the binding of K2 toxin to the yeast surface receptors proceeds in a similar manner as in case of the related K1 killer protein. It was demonstrated that the externally supplied pustulan, a poly-β-1,6-glucan, but not the glucans bearing other linkage types (such as laminarin, chitin, and pullulan) efficiently inhibits the K2 toxin killing activity. In addition, the analysis of toxin binding to the intact cells and spheroplasts confirmed that majority of K2 protein molecules attach to the β-1,6-glucan, rather than the plasma membrane-localized receptors. Taken together, our results reveal that β-1,6-glucan is a primary target of K2 toxin and is important for the execution of its killing property.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.