Observational studyAIDS (London, England)2015
Pregnancy is associated with elevation of liver enzymes in HIV-positive women on antiretroviral therapy.
Observational study in AIDS (London, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Maternal liver function and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Chinese women with HIV: a cohort study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Epidemiological, clinical, and biological profiles of People Living With HIV in the PMTCT department of Panzi hospital: a retrospective cohort study in Eastern DR. Congo.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Article
- Review
- Three-year outcomes for women newly initiated on lifelong antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy - Malawi option B.AIDS research and therapy · 2023Article
- Inclusion of pregnant women in antiretroviral drug research: what is needed to move forwards?Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2019Article
- Efficacy of the broad-spectrum antiviral compound BCX4430 against Zika virus in cell culture and in a mouse model.Antiviral research · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe objective of this study is to assess whether pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of liver enzyme elevation (LEE) and severe LEE in HIV-positive women on antiretroviral therapy (ART).
designTwo observational studies: the UK Collaborative HIV Cohort (UK CHIC) study and the UK and Ireland National Study of HIV in Pregnancy and Childhood (NSHPC).
methodsCombined data from UK CHIC and NSHPC were used to identify factors associated with LEE (grade 1-4) and severe LEE (grade 3-4). Women starting ART in 2000-2012 were included irrespective of pregnancy status. Cox proportional hazards were used to assess fixed and time-dependent covariates including pregnancy status, CD4 cell count, drug regimen and hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus (HBV/HCV) coinfection.
resultsOne-quarter (25.7%, 982/3815) of women were pregnant during follow-up, 14.2% (n = 541) when starting ART. The rate of LEE was 14.5/100 person-years in and 6.0/100 person-years outside of pregnancy. The rate of severe LEE was 3.9/100 person-years in and 0.6/100 person-years outside of pregnancy. The risk of LEE and severe LEE was increased during pregnancy [LEE: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.66 (1.31-2.09); severe LEE: aHR 3.57 (2.30-5.54)], including in secondary analyses excluding 541 women pregnant when starting ART. Other factors associated with LEE and severe LEE included lower CD4 cell count (<250 cells/μl), HBV/HCV coinfection and calendar year.
conclusionAlthough few women developed severe LEE, this study provides further evidence that pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of LEE and severe LEE, reinforcing the need for regular monitoring of liver biomarkers during pregnancy.
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